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Negritude has been defined by Léopold Sédar Senghor as "the sum of the cultural values of the black world as they are expressed in the life, the institutions, and the works of black men." Sylvia Washington Bâ analyzes Senghor's poetry to show how the concept of negritude infuses it at every level. A biographical sketch describes his childhood in Senegal, his distinguished academic career in France, and his election as President of Senegal.Themes of alienation and exile pervade Senghor's poetry, but it was by the opposition of his sensitivity and values to those of Europe that he was able to formulate his credo. Its key theme, and the supreme value of black African civilization, is the concept of life forces, which are not attributes or accidents of being, but the very essence of being. Life is an essentially dynamic mode of being for the black African, and it has been Senghor's achievement to communicate African intensity and vitality through his use of the nuances, subtleties, and sonorities of the French language.In the final chapter Sylvia Washington Bâ discusses the future of Senghor's belief that the black man's culture should be recognized as valid not simply as a matter of human justice, but because the values of negritude could be instrumental in the reintegration of positive values into western civilization and the reorientation of contemporary man toward life and love.Originally published in 1973.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Blacks --- Negritude (Literary movement) --- Senegalese poetry (French) --- Black identity --- Blackness (Race identity) --- Negritude --- Race identity of blacks --- Racial identity of blacks --- Ethnicity --- Race awareness --- Literary movements --- Literature, Modern --- French poetry --- Senegalese literature (French) --- Race identity. --- History and criticism. --- History and criticism --- Senghor, Leopold Sedar, --- Criticism and interpretation. --- Race identity of Black people --- Racial identity of Black people --- Black persons --- Negroes --- Ethnology --- Black people

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Should a writer work in a former colonial language or in a vernacular? The language question was one of the great, intractable problems that haunted postcolonial literatures in the twentieth century, but it has since acquired a reputation as a dead end for narrow nationalism. This book returns to the language question from a fresh perspective. Instead of asking whether language matters, The Tongue-Tied Imagination explores how the language question itself came to matter. Focusing on the case of Senegal, Warner investigates the intersection of French and Wolof. Drawing on extensive archival research and an under-studied corpus of novels, poetry, and films in both languages, as well as educational projects and popular periodicals, the book traces the emergence of a politics of language from colonization through independence to the era of neoliberal development. Warner reads the francophone works of well-known authors such as Léopold Senghor, Ousmane Sembène, Mariama Bâ, and Boubacar Boris Diop alongside the more overlooked Wolof-language works with which they are in dialogue.Refusing to see the turn to vernacular languages only as a form of nativism, The Tongue-Tied Imagination argues that the language question opens up a fundamental struggle over the nature and limits of literature itself. Warner reveals how language debates tend to pull in two directions: first, they weave vernacular traditions into the normative patterns of world literature; but second, they create space to imagine how literary culture might be configured otherwise. Drawing on these insights, Warner brilliantly rethinks the terms of world literature and charts a renewed practice of literary comparison.

Postcolonialism in literature. --- Senegalese literature --- Senegalese literature (French) --- French literature --- History and criticism. --- Senegal --- Dēmokratia tēs Senegalēs --- Gouvernement de la République du Sénégal --- Gouvernement du Sénégal --- Gweriniaeth Sénégal --- Réewum Senegaal --- Republic of Senegal --- Republica de Senegal --- República del Senegal --- Rèpublica du Sènègal --- Republiek van Senegal --- Republik Senegal --- Republika Senegal --- République du Sénégal --- Rėspublika Senehal --- Saaxle Senegaal --- Senegalē --- Senegali Vabariik --- Senegalská republika --- Senegaru --- Senehal --- Seneqal --- Seneqal Respublikası --- Sinighāl --- Territoire du Sénégal --- Σενεγαλη --- Δημοκρατια της Σενεγαλης --- Рэспубліка Сенегал --- Сенегал --- سنغال --- セネガル --- French Sudan --- Mali --- Mali Federation --- Sudanese Republic --- Languages --- Political aspects. --- Colonialism. --- Comparative Literature. --- Decolonization. --- Francophone Literature. --- Language Question. --- Postcolonial Literature. --- Senegal. --- Translation. --- Wolof Literature. --- World Literature.