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This edited volume explores linguistic approaches to understanding hate speech in social media. The book delves into various structural patterns, rhetorical strategies, and interactional dimensions of online hate speech. It discusses methodologies for building and analyzing hate speech corpora, such as the NETLANG corpus, and examines the integration of linguistic input to improve natural language processing techniques for detecting hate speech. Contributors analyze topics like the use of humorous figurative language, rhetorical questions, and the apartheid analogy in antisemitic discourse. The book also addresses the gender dimension of hate speech and strategies for counteracting homophobic discourse. Intended for linguists, social scientists, and digital humanities researchers, this work aims to provide insights into the complexities of hate speech and its impact on social media platforms.

Hate speech. --- Linguistics.

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Using expert interviews and focus groups, this book investigates the theoretical and practical intersection of misinformation and social media hate in contemporary societies. Social Media and Hate argues that these phenomena, and the extreme violence and discrimination they initiate against targeted groups, are connected to the socio-political contexts, values and behaviours of users of social media platforms such as Facebook, TikTok, ShareChat, Instagram and WhatsApp. The argument moves from a theoretical discussion of the practices and consequences of sectarian hatred, through a methodological evaluation of quantitative and qualitative studies on this topic, to four qualitative case studies of social media hate, and its effects on groups, individuals and wider politics in India, Brazil, Myanmar and the UK. The technical, ideological and networked similarities and connections between social media hate against Muslims, Dalits, dissenters, feminists, LGBTQi groups, Rohingya and immigrants in all four contexts is highlighted, stressing the need for an equally systematic political response. This is an insightful text for scholars and academics in the fields of Cultural Studies, Community Psychology, Education, Journalism, Media and Communication Studies, Political Science, Social Anthropology, Social Psychology, and Sociology.

Online hate speech. --- Social media --- Religious aspects. --- Internet hate speech --- Hate speech

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Die Frühe Neuzeit ist bekannt dafür, dass sich die Kontrahenten in konfessionellen Streitfragen gegenseitig heftig attackierten. Ein herausragender Vertreter dieser Form der Auseinandersetzung war Martin Luther. In den zahlreichen von ihm verfassten Streitschriften zeigt er sich auch als großer Polemiker. Wie diese Art der sprachlich aggressiven Argumentation funktioniert, wird in der vorliegenden Studie detailliert vorgeführt. Gegenstand der Untersuchung ist die wohl prominenteste Streitschrift Luthers von 1545 "Wider das Papsttum zu Rom vom Teufel gestiftet". Auf der Basis der "neuen Rhetorik" mit ihrer deutlich weiter gefassten Definition dessen, was unter Argumenten und Argumentation verstanden werden kann, konnten mehr als 60 verschiedene Argumentationsformen eruiert werden, die verschiedene Argumentationsfunktionen erfüllen. Die Studie möchte damit sowohl einen Beitrag zur Argumentationsanalyse und einen Vorschlag zur Modellierung von Argumentationen anbieten als auch eine praktische Detailanalyse sprachlicher Aggression, die nachvollziehbar macht, worin genau der in der Forschung häufig adressierte Grobianismus dieser Texte liegt.

Mass media --- Hate speech. --- Social aspects

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Music --- Hate speech. --- Protest songs. --- History and criticism.

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Hate speech has been extensively studied by disciplines such as social psychology, sociology, history, politics and law. Some significant areas of study have been the origins of hate speech in past and modern societies around the world; the way hate speech paves the way for harmful social movements; the socially destructive force of propaganda; and the legal responses to hate speech. On reviewing the literature, one major weakness stands out: hate speech, a crime perpetrated primarily by malicious and damaging language use, has no significant study in the field of linguistics. Historically, pragmatic theories have tended to address language as cooperative action, geared to reciprocally informative polite understanding. As a result of this idealized view of language, negative types of discourse such as harassment, defamation, hate speech, etc. have been neglected as objects of linguistic study. Since they go against social, moral and legal norms, many linguists have wrongly depicted those acts of wrong communication as unusual, anomalous or deviant when they are, in fact, usual and common in modern societies all over the world.The book analyses the challenges legal practitioners and linguists must meet when dealing with hate speech, especially with the advent of new technologies and social networks, and takes a linguistic perspective by targeting the knowledge the linguist can provide that makes harassment actionable.

Hate speech. --- Hate crimes --- Sociolinguistics. --- Law and legislation.