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La traduction automatique (T.A.) paraît une gageure, et pourtant elle est utilisée par de grands organismes internationaux et par d’importantes industries. Elle a été le sujet de nombreuses controverses tant scientifiques qu’économiques. Les opinions sont multiples mais les faits existent. Cet ouvrage présente l’histoire de la T.A. et les différents systèmes. On y discute des problèmes linguistiques (lexique, morphologie, syntaxe, style) posés par la T.A. telle qu’elle est pratiquée en Europe. Ce n’est pas un ouvrage technique sur l’analyse ou la génération de textes. C’est une réflexion sur la lecture et l’utilisation des documents produits par T.A. L’application de la T.A. à l’enseignement et à la recherche ainsi que la signification épistémologique du traitement automatique multilingue font partie de cette réflexion générale. Ce livre s’adresse tant aux linguistes qu’à un vaste public non spécialisé.

Translation science --- Machine translating. --- Traduction automatique --- Automatic translating --- Computer translating --- Electronic translating --- Mechanical translating --- Algorithms --- Applied linguistics --- Artificial intelligence --- Natural language generation (Computer science) --- Information theory --- Translating and interpreting --- Cross-language information retrieval --- Translating machines --- traduction --- automatisation --- littérature --- information

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In 1975, Searle stated that one should speak idiomatically unless there is some good reason not to do so. Fillmore, Kay, and O'Connor in 1988 defined an idiomatic expression or construction as something that a language user could fail to know while knowing everything else in the language. Our language is rich in conversational phrases, idioms, metaphors, and general expressions used in metaphorical meaning. These idiomatic expressions pose a particular challenge for Machine Translation (MT), ...

Machine translating. --- English language --- Automatic translating --- Computer translating --- Electronic translating --- Mechanical translating --- Algorithms --- Applied linguistics --- Artificial intelligence --- Natural language generation (Computer science) --- Information theory --- Translating and interpreting --- Cross-language information retrieval --- Translating machines --- Idioms. --- Idioms, corrections, errors --- Germanic languages

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Mathematical linguistics --- Translation science --- Translating and interpreting --- Machine translating --- Traduction et interprétation --- Traduction automatique --- Machine translating. --- Traduction et interprétation --- Research. --- Automatic translating --- Computer translating --- Electronic translating --- Mechanical translating --- Algorithms --- Applied linguistics --- Artificial intelligence --- Natural language generation (Computer science) --- Information theory --- Cross-language information retrieval --- Translating machines

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The field of machine translation (MT) -- the automation of translation between human languages -- has existed for more than fifty years. MT helped to usher in the field of computational linguistics and has influenced methods and applications in knowledge representation, information theory, and mathematical statistics. This valuable resource offers the most historically significant English-language articles on MT. The book is organized in three sections. The historical section contains articles from MT's beginnings through the late 1960s. The second section, on theoretical and methodological issues, covers sublanguage and controlled input, the role of humans in machine-aided translation, the impact of certain linguistic approaches, the transfer versus interlingua question, and the representation of meaning and knowledge. The third section, on system design, covers knowledge-based, statistical, and example-based approaches to multilevel analysis and representation, as well as computational issues.

Machine translating. --- Traduction automatique --- LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES --- Philology & Linguistics --- Languages & Literatures --- Translating & Interpreting. --- Automatic translating --- Computer translating --- Electronic translating --- Mechanical translating --- Machine translating --- Algorithms --- Applied linguistics --- Artificial intelligence --- Natural language generation (Computer science) --- Information theory --- Translating and interpreting --- Cross-language information retrieval --- Translating machines --- COMPUTER SCIENCE/Computational Linguistics

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Parallel texts (bitexts) are a goldmine of linguistic knowledge, because the translation of a text into another language can be viewed as a detailed annotation of what that text means. Knowledge about translational equivalence, which can be gleaned from bitexts, is of central importance for applications such as manual and machine translation, cross-language information retrieval, and corpus linguistics. The availability of bitexts has increased dramatically since the advent of the Web, making their study an exciting new area of research in natural language processing. This book lays out the theory and the practical techniques for discovering and applying translational equivalence at the lexical level. It is a start-to-finish guide to designing and evaluating many translingual applications.

Languages & Literatures --- Philology & Linguistics --- Machine translating. --- Linguistic models. --- COMPUTER SCIENCE/Computational Linguistics --- Models, Linguistic --- Linguistics --- Typology (Linguistics) --- Automatic translating --- Computer translating --- Electronic translating --- Mechanical translating --- Algorithms --- Applied linguistics --- Artificial intelligence --- Natural language generation (Computer science) --- Information theory --- Translating and interpreting --- Cross-language information retrieval --- Translating machines