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"My aim is to present Tolstoy's work as he may have understood it himself," writes Donna Orwin. Reconstructing the intellectual and psychic struggles behind the masterpieces of his early and middle age, this major study covers the period during which he wrote The Cossacks, War and Peace, and Anna Karenina. Orwin uses the tools of biography, intellectual and literary history, and textual analysis to explain how Tolstoy's tormented search for moral certainty unfolded, creating fundamental differences among the great novels of the "pre-crisis" period. Distinguished by its historical emphasis, this book demonstrates that the great novelist, who had once seen a fundamental harmony between human conscience and nature's vitality, began eventually to believe in a dangerous rift between the two: during the years discussed here, Tolstoy moved gradually from a celebration of life to instruction about its moral dimensions. Paying special attention to Tolstoy's reading of Rousseau, Goethe, Schopenhauer, and the Russian thinker N. N. Strakhov, Orwin also explores numerous other influences on his thought. In so doing, she shows how his philosophical and emotional conflicts changed form but continued unabated--until, with his religious conversion of 1880, he surrendered his long attempt to make sense of life through art alone.

Philosophy in literature. --- Tolstoy, Leo, --- Criticism and interpretation. --- Philosophy. --- Толстой, Лев, --- Толстой, Лев Николаевич, --- Tolstoĭ, Lev Nikolaevich, --- Dōlsdōy, L. N., --- Ṭālsṭāy, --- Ṭālsṭāy, Liyō, --- Talstoĭ, Leŭ, --- Tʻo-erh-ssu-tʻai, --- Tʻo-erh-ssu-tʻai, Lieh-fu, --- Ṭôlasṭāya, Liyo, --- Толстой, Л. М., --- Tolstoĭ, L. M., --- Толстой, Л. Н. --- Tolstoĭ, L. N. --- Tolstoi, Leo N., --- Tolstoï, Léon, --- Tolstoï, Léon Nikolaevitch, --- Tolstoi, Leone, --- Tolstói, Lev, --- Tolstoi, Lew, --- Tolstoı̂, Lion, --- Tolstoi, Lyof N., --- Tolstoj, Lav Nikolajević, --- Tolstoj, Law, --- Tolstoj, Lev Nikolajevič, --- Tołstoj, Lew, --- Tolstoy, L. N. --- Tolstoy, Léon, --- Tolstoy, Lev, --- Tolsztoj, Lev, --- Ttolsŭttoi, --- Tūlstūy, Līf, --- Tuo'ersitai, --- Tuo'ersitai, Liefu, --- Талстой, Леў, --- טאלסאטי, לעא, --- טאלסטאי, ל. --- טאלסטאי, ל., --- טאלסטאי, ל.נ --- טאלסטאי, ל. נ., --- טאלסטאי, לאװ, --- טאלסטאי, לעא --- טאלסטאי, לעא, --- טאלסטאי, לעװ --- טאלסטאי, לעװ, --- טאלסטאי, לעוו --- טאלסטאי, לעוו, --- טאלסטאי, ליעװ --- טאלסטאי, ליעוו --- טאלסטאי, גראף לעא --- טאלסטוי, ל., --- טאלסטוי, ל. נ., --- טאלסטוי, לאר, --- טאלסטוי, לעא, --- טולסטאי, לב נ., --- טולסטױ, ל. --- טולסטױ, ל., --- טולסטױ, ל. נ. --- טולסטוי --- טולסטוי, ל. --- טולסטוי, ל., --- טולסטוי, ל. נ. --- טולסטוי, ל.נ., --- טולסטוי, ל. נ., --- טולסטוי, לב --- טולסטוי, לב, --- טולסטוי, לב ניקולוביץ, --- טולסטוי, ליב --- טולסטוי, ליב, --- تولستوى، ل، --- لئون تولستوى --- レオ.トルストイ, --- 托爾斯泰, 列夫, --- Tolstojs, L̦evs N., --- Tolstoi, Leo Nikolaievich, --- Tolstojus, L. N., --- Tolstoj, Lev Nikolaevič --- Tolstoi, Leo --- Tolstoj, Leo --- Tolstoj, Lew Nikolajewitsj --- Tolstoy, Leo --- Tolstoï, Léon --- Tolstoĭ, Lev Nikolaevich --- Tolstoj, Lev Nikolaevitsj --- Толстой, Лев Николаевич --- Tolstoj, Lev Nikolajevitsj

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Lev Tolstoy has held the attention of mankind for well over a century. A supremely talented artist, whose novels and short stories continue to entrance readers all over the world, he was at the same time a fearless moral philosopher who explored and challenged the fundamental bases of human society-political, economic, legal, and cultural. Hugh McLean, Professor Emeritus of Russian literature at the University of California, Berkeley, has been studying and writing about Tolstoy for many years. In these essays he investigates some of the numerous puzzles and paradoxes in the Tolstoyan heritage, engaging both with Tolstoy the artist, author of those incomparable novels, and Tolstoy the thinker, who, from his impregnable outpost at Yasnaya Polyana, questioned the received ideas and beliefs of the whole civilized world. In two concluding essays, "Tolstoy beyond Tolstoy," McLean deals with the impact of Tolstoy on such diverse figures as Ernest Hemingway and Isaiah Berlin.

Languages & Literatures --- Slavic, Baltic and Albanian Languages & Literatures --- Tolstoy, Leo, --- Criticism and interpretation. --- Influence. --- Толстой, Лев, --- Толстой, Лев Николаевич, --- Tolstoĭ, Lev Nikolaevich, --- Dōlsdōy, L. N., --- Ṭālsṭāy, --- Ṭālsṭāy, Liyō, --- Talstoĭ, Leŭ, --- Tʻo-erh-ssu-tʻai, --- Tʻo-erh-ssu-tʻai, Lieh-fu, --- Ṭôlasṭāya, Liyo, --- Толстой, Л. М., --- Tolstoĭ, L. M., --- Толстой, Л. Н. --- Tolstoĭ, L. N. --- Tolstoi, Leo N., --- Tolstoï, Léon, --- Tolstoï, Léon Nikolaevitch, --- Tolstoi, Leone, --- Tolstói, Lev, --- Tolstoi, Lew, --- Tolstoı̂, Lion, --- Tolstoi, Lyof N., --- Tolstoj, Lav Nikolajević, --- Tolstoj, Law, --- Tolstoj, Lev Nikolajevič, --- Tołstoj, Lew, --- Tolstoy, L. N. --- Tolstoy, Léon, --- Tolstoy, Lev, --- Tolsztoj, Lev, --- Ttolsŭttoi, --- Tūlstūy, Līf, --- Tuo'ersitai, --- Tuo'ersitai, Liefu, --- Талстой, Леў, --- טאלסאטי, לעא, --- טאלסטאי, ל. --- טאלסטאי, ל., --- טאלסטאי, ל.נ --- טאלסטאי, ל. נ., --- טאלסטאי, לאװ, --- טאלסטאי, לעא --- טאלסטאי, לעא, --- טאלסטאי, לעװ --- טאלסטאי, לעװ, --- טאלסטאי, לעוו --- טאלסטאי, לעוו, --- טאלסטאי, ליעװ --- טאלסטאי, ליעוו --- טאלסטאי, גראף לעא --- טאלסטוי, ל., --- טאלסטוי, ל. נ., --- טאלסטוי, לאר, --- טאלסטוי, לעא, --- טולסטאי, לב נ., --- טולסטױ, ל. --- טולסטױ, ל., --- טולסטױ, ל. נ. --- טולסטוי --- טולסטוי, ל. --- טולסטוי, ל., --- טולסטוי, ל. נ. --- טולסטוי, ל.נ., --- טולסטוי, ל. נ., --- טולסטוי, לב --- טולסטוי, לב, --- טולסטוי, לב ניקולוביץ, --- טולסטוי, ליב --- טולסטוי, ליב, --- تولستوى، ل، --- لئون تولستوى --- レオ.トルストイ, --- 托爾斯泰, 列夫, --- Tolstojs, L̦evs N., --- Tolstoi, Leo Nikolaievich, --- Tolstojus, L. N., --- BIOGRAPHY & AUTOBIOGRAPHY / Literary. --- Tolstoĭ, Lev Nikolaevich --- Tolstoj, Lev Nikolaevič --- Tolstoi, Leo --- Tolstoj, Leo --- Tolstoj, Lew Nikolajewitsj --- Tolstoy, Leo --- Tolstoï, Léon --- Tolstoj, Lev Nikolaevitsj --- Толстой, Лев Николаевич --- Tolstoj, Lev Nikolajevitsj

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This book, first published in 1944, provides a comprehensive overview of the work and life of the writer and philosopher Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy. Widely considered one of the greatest novelists of all time, this title examines some of Tolstoy's most seminal works, including War and Peace and Anna Karenina. This book will be of interest to students of literature and philosophy.

Tolstoy, Leo, --- Толстой, Лев, --- Толстой, Лев Николаевич, --- Tolstoĭ, Lev Nikolaevich, --- Dōlsdōy, L. N., --- Ṭālsṭāy, --- Ṭālsṭāy, Liyō, --- Talstoĭ, Leŭ, --- Tʻo-erh-ssu-tʻai, --- Tʻo-erh-ssu-tʻai, Lieh-fu, --- Ṭôlasṭāya, Liyo, --- Толстой, Л. М., --- Tolstoĭ, L. M., --- Толстой, Л. Н. --- Tolstoĭ, L. N. --- Tolstoi, Leo N., --- Tolstoï, Léon, --- Tolstoï, Léon Nikolaevitch, --- Tolstoi, Leone, --- Tolstói, Lev, --- Tolstoi, Lew, --- Tolstoı̂, Lion, --- Tolstoi, Lyof N., --- Tolstoj, Lav Nikolajević, --- Tolstoj, Law, --- Tolstoj, Lev Nikolajevič, --- Tołstoj, Lew, --- Tolstoy, L. N. --- Tolstoy, Léon, --- Tolstoy, Lev, --- Tolsztoj, Lev, --- Ttolsŭttoi, --- Tūlstūy, Līf, --- Tuo'ersitai, --- Tuo'ersitai, Liefu, --- Талстой, Леў, --- טאלסאטי, לעא, --- טאלסטאי, ל. --- טאלסטאי, ל., --- טאלסטאי, ל.נ --- טאלסטאי, ל. נ., --- טאלסטאי, לאװ, --- טאלסטאי, לעא --- טאלסטאי, לעא, --- טאלסטאי, לעװ --- טאלסטאי, לעװ, --- טאלסטאי, לעוו --- טאלסטאי, לעוו, --- טאלסטאי, ליעװ --- טאלסטאי, ליעוו --- טאלסטאי, גראף לעא --- טאלסטוי, ל., --- טאלסטוי, ל. נ., --- טאלסטוי, לאר, --- טאלסטוי, לעא, --- טולסטאי, לב נ., --- טולסטױ, ל. --- טולסטױ, ל., --- טולסטױ, ל. נ. --- טולסטוי --- טולסטוי, ל. --- טולסטוי, ל., --- טולסטוי, ל. נ. --- טולסטוי, ל.נ., --- טולסטוי, ל. נ., --- טולסטוי, לב --- טולסטוי, לב, --- טולסטוי, לב ניקולוביץ, --- טולסטוי, ליב --- טולסטוי, ליב, --- تولستوى، ل، --- لئون تولستوى --- レオ.トルストイ, --- 托爾斯泰, 列夫, --- Tolstojs, L̦evs N., --- Tolstoi, Leo Nikolaievich, --- Tolstojus, L. N., --- Tolstoĭ, Lev Nikolaevich --- Tolstoj, Lev Nikolaevič --- Tolstoi, Leo --- Tolstoj, Leo --- Tolstoj, Lew Nikolajewitsj --- Tolstoy, Leo --- Tolstoï, Léon --- Russian literature --- Tolstoj, Lev Nikolaevitsj --- Толстой, Лев Николаевич --- Tolstoj, Lev Nikolajevitsj

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A century after Leo Tolstoy's death, the author of War and Peace is widely admired but too often thought of only with reference to his realism and moral sense. The many sides of Tolstoy revealed in these essays speak to readers with astonishing force, relevance, and complexity. In a lively, challenging style, leading scholars range over his long life, from his first work Childhood to the works of his old age like Hadji Murat, and the many genres in which he worked, from the major novels to aphorisms and short stories. The essays present fresh approaches to his central themes: love, death, religious faith and doubt, violence, the animal kingdom, and war. They also assess his reception both in his lifetime and subsequently. Setting new agendas for the study of this classic author, this volume provides a snapshot of more current scholarship on Tolstoy.

Tolstoy, Leo, --- Criticism and interpretation. --- Толстой, Лев, --- Толстой, Лев Николаевич, --- Tolstoĭ, Lev Nikolaevich, --- Dōlsdōy, L. N., --- Ṭālsṭāy, --- Ṭālsṭāy, Liyō, --- Talstoĭ, Leŭ, --- Tʻo-erh-ssu-tʻai, --- Tʻo-erh-ssu-tʻai, Lieh-fu, --- Ṭôlasṭāya, Liyo, --- Толстой, Л. М., --- Tolstoĭ, L. M., --- Толстой, Л. Н. --- Tolstoĭ, L. N. --- Tolstoi, Leo N., --- Tolstoï, Léon, --- Tolstoï, Léon Nikolaevitch, --- Tolstoi, Leone, --- Tolstói, Lev, --- Tolstoi, Lew, --- Tolstoı̂, Lion, --- Tolstoi, Lyof N., --- Tolstoj, Lav Nikolajević, --- Tolstoj, Law, --- Tolstoj, Lev Nikolajevič, --- Tołstoj, Lew, --- Tolstoy, L. N. --- Tolstoy, Léon, --- Tolstoy, Lev, --- Tolsztoj, Lev, --- Ttolsŭttoi, --- Tūlstūy, Līf, --- Tuo'ersitai, --- Tuo'ersitai, Liefu, --- Талстой, Леў, --- טאלסאטי, לעא, --- טאלסטאי, ל. --- טאלסטאי, ל., --- טאלסטאי, ל.נ --- טאלסטאי, ל. נ., --- טאלסטאי, לאװ, --- טאלסטאי, לעא --- טאלסטאי, לעא, --- טאלסטאי, לעװ --- טאלסטאי, לעװ, --- טאלסטאי, לעוו --- טאלסטאי, לעוו, --- טאלסטאי, ליעװ --- טאלסטאי, ליעוו --- טאלסטאי, גראף לעא --- טאלסטוי, ל., --- טאלסטוי, ל. נ., --- טאלסטוי, לאר, --- טאלסטוי, לעא, --- טולסטאי, לב נ., --- טולסטױ, ל. --- טולסטױ, ל., --- טולסטױ, ל. נ. --- טולסטוי --- טולסטוי, ל. --- טולסטוי, ל., --- טולסטוי, ל. נ. --- טולסטוי, ל.נ., --- טולסטוי, ל. נ., --- טולסטוי, לב --- טולסטוי, לב, --- טולסטוי, לב ניקולוביץ, --- טולסטוי, ליב --- טולסטוי, ליב, --- تولستوى، ل، --- لئون تولستوى --- レオ.トルストイ, --- 托爾斯泰, 列夫, --- Tolstojs, L̦evs N., --- Tolstoi, Leo Nikolaievich, --- Tolstojus, L. N., --- Tolstoĭ, Lev Nikolaevich --- Tolstoj, Lev Nikolaevič --- Tolstoi, Leo --- Tolstoj, Leo --- Tolstoj, Lew Nikolajewitsj --- Tolstoy, Leo --- Tolstoï, Léon --- Tolstoj, Lev Nikolaevitsj --- Толстой, Лев Николаевич --- Tolstoj, Lev Nikolajevitsj --- Arts and Humanities --- Literature

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"God only knows how many diverse, captivating impressions and thoughts evoked by these impressions... pass in a single day. If it were only possible to render them in such a way that I could easily read myself and that others could read me as I do..." Such was the desire of the young Tolstoy. Although he knew that this narrative utopia-turning the totality of his life into a book-would remain unfulfilled, Tolstoy would spend the rest of his life attempting to achieve it. "Who, What Am I?" is an account of Tolstoy's lifelong attempt to find adequate ways to represent the self, to probe its limits and, ultimately, to arrive at an identity not based on the bodily self and its accumulated life experience.This book guides readers through the voluminous, highly personal nonfiction writings that Tolstoy produced from the 1850s until his death in 1910. The variety of these texts is enormous, including diaries, religious tracts, personal confessions, letters, autobiographical fragments, and the meticulous accounts of dreams. For Tolstoy, inherent in the structure of the narrative form was a conception of life that accorded linear temporal order a predominant role, and this implied finitude. He refused to accept that human life stopped with death and that the self was limited to what could be remembered and told. In short, his was a philosophical and religious quest, and he followed in the footsteps of many, from Plato and Augustine to Rousseau and Schopenhauer. In reconstructing Tolstoy's struggles, this book reflects on the problems of self and narrative as well as provides an intellectual and psychological biography of the writer.

Self in literature. --- Identity (Psychology) in literature. --- Autobiography --- Russian prose literature --- Authorship. --- History and criticism. --- Tolstoy, Leo, --- Толстой, Лев, --- Толстой, Лев Николаевич, --- Tolstoĭ, Lev Nikolaevich, --- Dōlsdōy, L. N., --- Ṭālsṭāy, --- Ṭālsṭāy, Liyō, --- Talstoĭ, Leŭ, --- Tʻo-erh-ssu-tʻai, --- Tʻo-erh-ssu-tʻai, Lieh-fu, --- Ṭôlasṭāya, Liyo, --- Толстой, Л. М., --- Tolstoĭ, L. M., --- Толстой, Л. Н. --- Tolstoĭ, L. N. --- Tolstoi, Leo N., --- Tolstoï, Léon, --- Tolstoï, Léon Nikolaevitch, --- Tolstoi, Leone, --- Tolstói, Lev, --- Tolstoi, Lew, --- Tolstoı̂, Lion, --- Tolstoi, Lyof N., --- Tolstoj, Lav Nikolajević, --- Tolstoj, Law, --- Tolstoj, Lev Nikolajevič, --- Tołstoj, Lew, --- Tolstoy, L. N. --- Tolstoy, Léon, --- Tolstoy, Lev, --- Tolsztoj, Lev, --- Ttolsŭttoi, --- Tūlstūy, Līf, --- Tuo'ersitai, --- Tuo'ersitai, Liefu, --- Талстой, Леў, --- טאלסאטי, לעא, --- טאלסטאי, ל. --- טאלסטאי, ל., --- טאלסטאי, ל.נ --- טאלסטאי, ל. נ., --- טאלסטאי, לאװ, --- טאלסטאי, לעא --- טאלסטאי, לעא, --- טאלסטאי, לעװ --- טאלסטאי, לעװ, --- טאלסטאי, לעוו --- טאלסטאי, לעוו, --- טאלסטאי, ליעװ --- טאלסטאי, ליעוו --- טאלסטאי, גראף לעא --- טאלסטוי, ל., --- טאלסטוי, ל. נ., --- טאלסטוי, לאר, --- טאלסטוי, לעא, --- טולסטאי, לב נ., --- טולסטױ, ל. --- טולסטױ, ל., --- טולסטױ, ל. נ. --- טולסטוי --- טולסטוי, ל. --- טולסטוי, ל., --- טולסטוי, ל. נ. --- טולסטוי, ל.נ., --- טולסטוי, ל. נ., --- טולסטוי, לב --- טולסטוי, לב, --- טולסטוי, לב ניקולוביץ, --- טולסטוי, ליב --- טולסטוי, ליב, --- تولستوى، ل، --- لئون تولستوى --- レオ.トルストイ, --- 托爾斯泰, 列夫, --- Tolstojs, L̦evs N., --- Tolstoi, Leo Nikolaievich, --- Tolstojus, L. N., --- Criticism and interpretation. --- Tolstoĭ, Lev Nikolaevich --- Tolstoj, Lev Nikolaevič --- Tolstoi, Leo --- Tolstoj, Leo --- Tolstoj, Lew Nikolajewitsj --- Tolstoy, Leo --- Tolstoï, Léon --- Tolstoj, Lev Nikolaevitsj --- Tolstoj, Lev Nikolajevitsj --- Толстой, Лев Николаевич