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"A peer reviewed selection of articles derived from the presentations and posters showed at the Open Science Conference "Africa and Carbon Cycle", Accra, Ghana (25-27 November 2008) is presented. The Conference brought together about 100 participants from 28 nations, mainly from Africa and Europe, presenting issues related to the following sessions: i. Keynote speeches on Africa and Global Carbon Cycle; ii. Terrestrial Carbon Observations in Africa and Ecosystem fluxes; iii. Soil and Vegetation: Carbon and GHGs emissions in Africa; iv. Biogeochemical Modelling; v. Carbon sequestration and reduced emissions potentialities in Africa; vi. Demonstration projects and developing capacities in Africa A poster session was also organized especially to give visibility to African students and young researchers. Contributors belong both to the CarboAfrica consortium and other African or international initiatives. The conference focused on Africa's contribution to the global carbon cycle and climate system through an overview of the carbon related studies in sub- Saharan Africa carried out both by the project CarboAfrica and other African and international initiatives. The Conference showed the high number of initiatives currently ongoing in Africa, related to the study of all the component of the carbon cycle, from science to socio-economic issues, and considering all natural components, from soil to the atmosphere, through terrestrial ecosystems. In spite of the high number of efforts and of the important results already achieved, it was evident that there is still a strong need for continued and enhanced observations of Africa's carbon stocks and fluxes. The CarboAfrica network has been building a large partnership of relevant African and international institutions especially to meet this need. CarboAfrica will provide a future unique data set to enable a more precise assessment of Africa's carbon balance and its sensitivity to natural and anthropogenic pressures and future climate."--Summary.

Carbon sequestration --- Global carbon cycle --- Carbon capture and storage --- Carbon dioxide sequestration --- CCS (Carbon sequestration) --- Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry) --- Greenhouse gases --- Climatic changes --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Forestry --- Changes, Climatic --- Climate change --- Climate changes --- Climate variations --- Climatic change --- Climatic fluctuations --- Climatic variations --- Global climate changes --- Global climatic changes --- GHGs (Greenhouse gases) --- Heat-trapping gases --- Environmental aspects --- Climatology --- Climate change mitigation --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- Gases --- Biogeochemical cycles --- Sequestration (Chemistry) --- Changes in climate --- Climate change science --- Africa --- Carbon cycle --- Global environmental change