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The traditional model of synapses as fixed structures has been replaced by a dynamic one in which synapses are constantly being deleted and replaced. This book, written by a leading researcher on the neurochemistry of schizophrenia, integrates material from neuroscience and cell biology to provide a comprehensive account of our current knowledge of the neurochemical basis of synaptic plasticity. The book presents the evidence for synaptic plasticity, an account of the dendritic spine and the glutamate synapse with a focus on redox mechanisms, and the biochemical basis of the Hebbian synapse. It discusses the role of endocytosis, special proteins, and local protein synthesis. Additional topics include volume transmission, arachidonic acid signaling, hormonal modulation, and psychological stress. Finally, the book considers pharmacological and clinical implications of current research, particularly with reference to schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease.
Tissues --- Nervous System Physiological Processes --- Nervous System --- Nervous System Physiological Phenomena --- Anatomy --- Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena --- Phenomena and Processes --- Neuronal Plasticity --- Nerve Tissue --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Neuroscience --- Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Concepts --- Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomenon --- Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiology --- Anatomies --- Nervous System Physiological Concepts --- Nervous System Physiological Phenomenon --- Nervous System Physiological Process --- Physiology, Nervous System --- Nervous System Physiologic Processes --- Nervous System Physiology --- System Physiology, Nervous --- Nervous Systems --- System, Nervous --- Systems, Nervous --- Tissue --- Nervous Tissue --- Nerve Tissues --- Nervous Tissues --- Tissue, Nerve --- Tissue, Nervous --- Tissues, Nerve --- Tissues, Nervous --- Axon Pruning --- Axonal Pruning --- Dendrite Arborization --- Dendrite Pruning --- Dendritic Arborization --- Dendritic Pruning --- Dendritic Remodeling --- Neural Plasticity --- Neurite Pruning --- Neuronal Arborization --- Neuronal Network Remodeling --- Neuronal Pruning --- Neuronal Remodeling --- Neuroplasticity --- Synaptic Plasticity --- Synaptic Pruning --- Plasticity, Neuronal --- Arborization, Dendrite --- Arborization, Dendritic --- Arborization, Neuronal --- Arborizations, Dendrite --- Arborizations, Dendritic --- Arborizations, Neuronal --- Axon Prunings --- Axonal Prunings --- Dendrite Arborizations --- Dendrite Prunings --- Dendritic Arborizations --- Dendritic Prunings --- Dendritic Remodelings --- Network Remodeling, Neuronal --- Network Remodelings, Neuronal --- Neural Plasticities --- Neurite Prunings --- Neuronal Arborizations --- Neuronal Network Remodelings --- Neuronal Plasticities --- Neuronal Prunings --- Neuronal Remodelings --- Neuroplasticities --- Plasticities, Neural --- Plasticities, Neuronal --- Plasticities, Synaptic --- Plasticity, Neural --- Plasticity, Synaptic --- Pruning, Axon --- Pruning, Axonal --- Pruning, Dendrite --- Pruning, Dendritic --- Pruning, Neurite --- Pruning, Neuronal --- Pruning, Synaptic --- Prunings, Axon --- Prunings, Axonal --- Prunings, Dendrite --- Prunings, Dendritic --- Prunings, Neurite --- Prunings, Neuronal --- Prunings, Synaptic --- Remodeling, Dendritic --- Remodeling, Neuronal --- Remodeling, Neuronal Network --- Remodelings, Dendritic --- Remodelings, Neuronal --- Remodelings, Neuronal Network --- Synaptic Plasticities --- Synaptic Prunings --- physiology --- Cell Plasticity --- Brain Plasticity --- Brain Plasticities --- Plasticities, Brain --- Plasticity, Brain --- Neuroplasticity. --- Neurochemistry. --- Biochemistry --- Neurosciences --- Nervous system plasticity --- Neural adaptation --- Neural plasticity --- Neuronal adaptation --- Neuronal plasticity --- Plasticity, Nervous system --- Soft-wired nervous system --- Synaptic plasticity --- Adaptation (Physiology) --- Neurophysiology --- Developmental neurobiology
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What are antioxidants? What do they do? Should you be taking them? How much is enough, or too much? Dr. John Smythies explores these and other questions you need to have answered about antioxidants in Every Persons Guide to Antioxidants. Oxidants are naturally occuring chemicals in our bodies that derive from oxygen to facilitate essential biochemical processes. However, most oxidants are potentially toxic molecules and the body contains a number of antioxidants for protection against these toxic effects. Overproduction of oxidants, or underproduction of antioxidants, leads to oxidative stress, which has been linked to a wide range of chronic diseases, including heart disease, cancer, diabetes, and Alzheimers. Smythies thoroughly evaluates current scientific work on this subject and suggests that a high proportion of many of these diseases can be prevented, or their onset delayed, by proper intake of antioxidants. He examines the pros and cons of the debate over how this necessary intake should be achieved, by eating more fruits and vegetables or by taking supplements in pill form. Smythies surveys the toxicity of antioxidants and recommends under what circumstances they should be given with caution or not at all. He also discusses whether taking supplements requires medical supervision and lists good sources of antioxidants in fruits and vegetables
Oxidation, Physiological --- Antioxidants --- Free Radicals (Chemistry) --- Science --- Medical --- Oxidation, physiological --- Free radicals (chemistry)
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Consciousness. --- Realism. --- Neurosciences --- Philosophy. --- Empiricism --- Philosophy --- Universals (Philosophy) --- Conceptualism --- Dualism --- Idealism --- Materialism --- Nominalism --- Positivism --- Rationalism --- Apperception --- Mind and body --- Perception --- Psychology --- Spirit --- Self
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The present day is witnessing an explosion of our understanding of how the brain works at all levels, in which complexity is piled on complexity, and mechanisms of astonishing elegance are being continually discovered. This process is most developed in the major areas of the brain, such as the cortex, thalamus, and striatum. The Claustrum instead focuses on a small, remote, and, until recently, relatively unknown area of the brain. In recent years, researchers have come to believe that the claustrum is concerned with consciousness, a bold hypothesis supported by the claustrum's two-w
Claustrum. --- Neurosciences. --- Neural sciences --- Neurological sciences --- Neuroscience --- Medical sciences --- Nervous system --- Claustrum of insula --- Basal ganglia
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Cell interaction. --- Biochemical markers. --- Biomarkers. --- Cell-cell interaction --- Cell communication --- Cellular communication (Biology) --- Cellular interaction --- Intercellular communication --- Cellular control mechanisms --- Biochemical Marker --- Biologic Marker --- Biologic Markers --- Clinical Marker --- Immune Marker --- Immune Markers --- Immunologic Marker --- Laboratory Marker --- Marker, Biochemical --- Marker, Biological --- Marker, Clinical --- Marker, Immunologic --- Marker, Laboratory --- Marker, Serum --- Marker, Surrogate --- Serum Marker --- Surrogate End Point --- Surrogate End Points --- Surrogate Endpoint --- Surrogate Endpoints --- Surrogate Marker --- Viral Marker --- Biochemical Markers --- Biological Markers --- Clinical Markers --- Immunologic Markers --- Laboratory Markers --- Markers, Biochemical --- Markers, Biological --- Markers, Clinical --- Markers, Immunologic --- Markers, Laboratory --- Markers, Serum --- Markers, Surrogate --- Markers, Viral --- Serum Markers --- Surrogate Markers --- Viral Markers --- Biological Marker --- End Point, Surrogate --- End Points, Surrogate --- Endpoint, Surrogate --- Endpoints, Surrogate --- Marker, Biologic --- Marker, Immune --- Marker, Viral --- Markers, Biologic --- Markers, Immune --- Molecular Probes --- Endophenotypes --- Biologic markers --- Biological markers --- Biomarkers --- Biochemistry --- Indicators (Biology) --- Biomarker
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