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This book examines the health/fitness interaction in an historical context. Beginning in primitive hunter-gatherer communities, where survival required adequate physical activity, it goes on to consider changes in health and physical activity at subsequent stages in the evolution of “civilization.” It focuses on the health impacts of a growing understanding of medicine and physiology, and the emergence of a middle-class with the time and money to choose between active and passive leisure pursuits. The book reflects on urbanization and industrialization in relation to the need for public health measures, and the ever-diminishing physical demands of the work-place. It then evaluates the attitudes of prelates, politicians, philosophers and teachers at each stage of the process. Finally, the book explores professional and governmental initiatives to increase public involvement in active leisure through various school, worksite, recreational and sports programmes.

Science, general. --- History of Science. --- History of Medicine. --- Sport Science. --- Health Promotion and Disease Prevention. --- Sports Medicine. --- Science --- Medicine. --- Sports medicine. --- Sciences --- Médecine --- Médecine du sport --- History. --- Histoire --- Science (General). --- Science_xHistory. --- History & Archaeology --- History - General --- Public health --- Health attitudes --- Physical fitness --- Endurance, Physical --- Fitness, Physical --- Physical endurance --- Physical stamina --- Stamina, Physical --- Health --- Hygiene --- Public opinion --- Health promotion. --- Medicine --- Sports sciences. --- Exercise --- Physical education and training --- Sports sciences --- Attitude (Psychology) --- Health behavior --- Sport Science . --- Athletic medicine --- Athletics --- Medicine and sports --- Sports --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Medical aspects --- Health Workforce --- Medicine—History. --- Health promotion programs --- Health promotion services --- Promotion of health --- Wellness programs --- Preventive health services --- Health education --- Sciences, Sports --- Sport sciences

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This volume presents in tightly edited form more than ninety papers from the third international symposium on circumpolar health, held in Yellowknife in July 1974. The conference brought together physicians and paramedical professionals from all the circumpolar nations. They discussed methods of delivering health care and education to isolated communities, the epidemiology and pathology of current epidemics, and the many physiological, social, psychological, and medical problems arising from the sudden acculturation of indigenous northern peoples to a western life-style. Physiologists and nutritionists will be interested in the effects of changes from natural to processed foods and of diminished levels of physical activity; sociologists and psychologists in adaptations to rapid social change and the attendant problems of alcoholism and violence; epidemiologists in the spread and subsequent control of bacteria, viruses, and parasites previously unknown in northern communities; physicians in such common northern problems as upper respiratory and each infections; dental surgeons in the impact of changing foods on oral health; and geneticists and anthropologists in the potential for study of small communities of a common basic stock which have lived in isolation for many centuries. Many of the problems encountered by white workers in the north -- exposure to cold, venereal disease, unusual rhythms of light and darkness, responses to isolation, and even relationships between isolated professionals and their university-based supervisors -- are also discussed.

Circumpolar medicine --- Eskimos --- Sami (European people) --- Indians of North America --- American aborigines --- American Indians --- First Nations (North America) --- Indians of the United States --- Indigenous peoples --- Native Americans --- North American Indians --- Laplanders --- Lapps --- Saam (European people) --- Saame (European people) --- Saami (European people) --- Same (European people) --- Samer (European people) --- Samit (European people) --- Arctic peoples --- Ethnology --- Finno-Ugrians --- Eskimauan Indians --- Esquimaux --- Circumpolar health --- Cold weather medicine --- Medicine, Circumpolar --- Medicine, Polar --- Polar medicine --- Medicine --- Health and hygiene --- Culture

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Medicine --- Physicians. --- Medical anthropology. --- Medical care --- Anthropology --- Allopathic doctors --- Doctors --- Doctors of medicine --- MDs (Physicians) --- Medical doctors --- Medical profession --- Medical personnel --- Health Workforce --- Practice. --- Anthropological aspects