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"Traumatic brain injury (TBI) accounts for up to one-third of combat-related injuries in Iraq and Afghanistan, according to some estimates. TBI is also a major problem among civilians, especially those who engage in certain sports. At the request of the Department of Defense, the IOM examined the potential role of nutrition in the treatment of and resilience against TBI."--Publisher's website.
Brain - Wounds and injuries - Nutritional aspects. --- Brain damage --- Brain --- Medicine, Military --- Occupational Groups --- Craniocerebral Trauma --- Therapeutics --- Brain Diseases --- Persons --- Trauma, Nervous System --- Wounds and Injuries --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Central Nervous System Diseases --- Named Groups --- Nervous System Diseases --- Diseases --- Brain Injuries --- Nutrition Therapy --- Military Personnel --- Surgery & Anesthesiology --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Surgery - General and By Type --- Neurology --- Alternative treatment --- Wounds and injuries --- Nutritional aspects --- Nutrition. --- Treatment. --- Alimentation --- Food --- Nutrition --- Cerebrum --- Mind --- Health aspects --- Health --- Physiology --- Diet --- Dietetics --- Digestion --- Food habits --- Malnutrition --- Central nervous system --- Head
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The committee was charged to review the available evidence and to update the current DRIs for sodium and potassium. In 2005, the evidence supported an Adequate Intake (AI) for both nutrients, and a Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) only for sodium. In addition, we were asked to consider adding, if relevant, sodium and potassium intake values to reduce the risk of chronic disease endpoints. As essential nutrients, sodium and potassium contribute to the fundamentals of physiology and pathology of human health and disease. In clinical settings, these are two important blood electrolytes, are frequently measured and influence care decisions. Yet, blood electrolyte concentrations are usually not influenced by dietary intake, as kidney and hormone systems carefully regulate blood values. Over the years, increasing evidence suggests that sodium and potassium intake patterns of children and adults influence long-term population health mostly through complex relationships among dietary intake, blood pressure and cardiovascular health. The public health importance of understanding these relationships, based upon the best available evidence and establishing recommendations to support the development of population clinical practice guidelines and medical care of patients is clear. This report reviews evidence on the relationship between sodium and potassium intakes and indicators of adequacy, toxicity, and chronic disease. It updates the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) using an expanded DRI model that includes consideration of chronic disease endpoints, and outlines research gaps to address the uncertainties identified in the process of deriving the reference values and evaluating public health implications. --
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