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The scientific life of Fred Hoyle (1915-2001) was truly unparalleled. During his career he wrote groundbreaking scientific papers and caused bitter disputes in the scientific community with his revolutionary theories. Hoyle is best known for showing that we are all, literally, made of stardust in his paper explaining how carbon, and then all the heavier elements, were created by nuclear reactions inside stars. However, he constantly courted controversy and two years later he followed this with his 'steady state' theory of the universe. This challenged another model of the universe, which Hoyle called the 'big bang' theory. Fred Hoyle was also famous amongst the general public. He popularised his research through radio and television broadcasts and wrote best-selling novels. Written from personal accounts and interviews with Hoyle's contemporaries, this book gives valuable personal insights into Fred Hoyle and his unforgettable life.
Astronomers --- Hoyle, Fred, --- Hoyle, F. --- Khoĭl, Fred, --- Hūyl, Firid, --- هويل، فرد
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Thomas Gold (1920-2004) had a curious mind that liked to solve problems. He was one of the most remarkable astrophysicists in the second half of the twentieth century, and he attracted controversy throughout his career. Based on a full-length autobiography left behind by Thomas Gold, this book was edited by the astrophysicist and historian of science, Simon Mitton (University of Cambridge). The book is a retrospective on Gold’s remarkable life. He fled from Vienna in 1933, eventually settling in England and completing an engineering degree at Trinity College in Cambridge. During the war, he worked on naval radar research alongside Fred Hoyle and Hermann Bondi – which, in an unlikely chain of events, eventually led to his working with them on steady-state cosmology. In 1968, shortly after their discovery, he provided the explanation of pulsars as rotating neutron stars. In his final position at Cornell, he and his colleagues persuaded the US Defense Department to fund the conversion of the giant radio telescope at Arecibo in Puerto Rico into a superb instrument for radio astronomy. Gold’s interests covered physiology, astronomy, cosmology, geophysics, and engineering. Written in an intriguing style and with an equally intriguing foreword by Freeman Dyson, this book constitutes an important historical document, made accessible to all those interested in the history of science. .
Astronomers -- Biography. --- Astronomy. --- Gold, Thomas. --- Mines and mineral resources. --- Physics. --- Science -- History. --- Astrophysicists --- Astronomy & Astrophysics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Astronomy - General --- Astrophysics --- Astronomical physics --- Gold, T. --- History. --- Mineral resources. --- Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology. --- History of Science. --- Mineral Resources. --- Astronomy --- Cosmic physics --- Physics --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Deposits, Mineral --- Mineral deposits --- Mineral resources --- Mines and mining --- Mining --- Natural resources --- Geology, Economic --- Minerals --- Astrophysics.
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"Jacqueline Mitton and Simon Mitton offer the first biography of Vera Rubin, an astronomer who made vital contributions to our understanding of dark matter. An outstanding scientist herself, Rubin also championed women in science, by mentoring, advocating for hiring women faculty, disseminating their research, and recognizing their achievements"--
Women astronomers --- Astronomers --- Dark matter (Astronomy) --- Rubin, Vera C., --- Jewish astronomers. --- Jewish scientists. --- Jewish women. --- Vera Rubin. --- dark matter discovery. --- famous women astronomers. --- female astronomers. --- female astrophysicists. --- female cosmologists. --- galaxy rotation curves. --- women in astronomy. --- women in science.
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The year 2011 marked the 80th anniversary of Georges Lemaître’s primeval atom model of the universe, forerunner of the modern day Big Bang theory. Prompted by this momentous anniversary the Royal Astronomical Society decided to publish a volume of essays on the life, work and faith of this great cosmologist, who was also a Roman Catholic priest. The papers presented in this book examine in detail the historical, cosmological, philosophical and theological issues surrounding the development of the Big Bang theory from its beginnings in the pioneering work of Lemaître through to the modern day. This book offers the best account in English of Lemaître’s life and work. It will be appreciated by professionals and graduate students interested in the history of cosmology.
Big bang theory. --- Expanding universe. --- Lemai^tre, Georges, 1894-. --- Astronomy & Astrophysics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Astrophysics --- Astronomy - General --- Astronomers --- Cosmology. --- Lemaître, Georges, --- Big bang cosmology --- Superdense theory --- Astronomy. --- Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology. --- History and Philosophical Foundations of Physics. --- Physical scientists --- Astronomy --- Deism --- Metaphysics --- Cosmogony --- Cosmology --- Expanding universe --- Astrophysics. --- Physics. --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Astronomical physics --- Cosmic physics --- Physics --- Belgium. --- Lemaître, G. --- Bäigien --- Baljīk --- Belchica --- Belçika --- Belçika Krallığı --- Beldjym --- Belezi --- Belga Királyság --- Beļgeja --- Belghia --- Belʹgi --- Bèlgia --- Belgia Kuningriik --- Bélgica --- Belgice --- Belgice Cynerīce --- Belgické královstv --- Belgi --- Belgien --- Bélgii Bikéyah --- Belgii͡ --- Belʹgii͡a Korollege --- Belgija --- Beļg̓ijas Karaliste --- Belgijos Karalyst --- Belgijsk --- Belgika --- Belgio --- Belgique --- Belgiska --- Belgiya --- Belgiyah --- Belgje --- Belgjiche --- Belgjo --- Belgujo --- Belʹhii͡ --- Belhika --- Bèljik --- Beljika --- Belʹjmudin Nutg --- Belsch --- Belsj --- Bélxica --- Berug --- Bheilg --- Bilgasuyu --- Bilhika Qhapaqsuyu --- Bilkiya --- Gwlad Belg --- Igihugu cyʼUbubirigi --- Karaleŭstva Belʹhii͡ --- Keuninkriek Belsj --- Kingdom of Belgium --- Kinigraich Bäigien --- Kinnekräich Belsch --- Kongeriget Belgien --- Königreich Belgien --- Königriich Belgie --- Koninkrijk Belgi --- Koninkrijk van Belgi --- Koninkryk van Belgi --- Kraljevina Belgija --- Kralojstwo Belgiskej --- Mamlakat Baljīk --- Mamlekhet Belgiyah --- Nsi ya ntotila ya Belezi --- Pelekiuma --- Pow Belg --- Reeriaght ny Belg --- Reĝlando Belgio --- Regne de Bèlgica --- Regno del Belgio --- Reino de Belchica --- Reino de Bélgica --- Reinu de Bélxica --- Ríocht na Beilge --- Rìoghachd na Beilge --- Royaume de Belgique --- Royômo de Bèlg·ique --- Ruwvaneth Belgek --- Teyrnas Gwlad Belg --- Ubelgiji --- Ububiligi --- Ububirigi --- Ufalme wa Ubelgiji --- Vasileio tou Velgiou --- Vãsilia di Belghia --- Velg --- Velgio --- Lemaître, Georges --- Lemaitre, Georges,
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Heart of Darkness describes the incredible saga of humankind's quest to unravel the deepest secrets of the universe. Over the past thirty years, scientists have learned that two little-understood components--dark matter and dark energy--comprise most of the known cosmos, explain the growth of all cosmic structure, and hold the key to the universe's fate. The story of how evidence for the so-called "Lambda-Cold Dark Matter" model of cosmology has been gathered by generations of scientists throughout the world is told here by one of the pioneers of the field, Jeremiah Ostriker, and his coauthor Simon Mitton. From humankind's early attempts to comprehend Earth's place in the solar system, to astronomers' exploration of the Milky Way galaxy and the realm of the nebulae beyond, to the detection of the primordial fluctuations of energy from which all subsequent structure developed, this book explains the physics and the history of how the current model of our universe arose and has passed every test hurled at it by the skeptics. Throughout this rich story, an essential theme is emphasized: how three aspects of rational inquiry--the application of direct measurement and observation, the introduction of mathematical modeling, and the requirement that hypotheses should be testable and verifiable--guide scientific progress and underpin our modern cosmological paradigm. This monumental puzzle is far from complete, however, as scientists confront the mysteries of the ultimate causes of cosmic structure formation and the real nature and origin of dark matter and dark energy.
Dark matter (Astronomy) --- Dark energy (Astronomy) --- Cosmology --- Astrophysics --- Force and energy --- Nonluminous matter (Astronomy) --- Unobserved matter (Astronomy) --- Unseen matter (Astronomy) --- Interstellar matter --- Astronomy
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Since the 'scientific revolution' of the seventeenth century, a great number of distinguished scientists and mathematicians have been associated with the University of Cambridge. Cambridge Scientific Minds provides a portrait of some of the most eminent scientists associated with the University over the past 400 years, including accounts of the work of three of the greatest figures in the entire history of science, Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin and James Clerk Maxwell. The chronological balance reflects the increasing importance of science in the recent history of the University. The book comprises personal memoirs and historical essays, including contributions by leading Cambridge scientists. Cambridge Scientific Minds will be of interest not only to graduates of the University, science students and historians of science, but to anyone wishing to gain an insight into some of the greatest scientific minds in history.
Scientists --- Science --- Natural science --- Natural sciences --- Science of science --- Sciences --- Professional employees --- History. --- University of Cambridge --- Academia Cantabrigiensis --- Cambridge. --- Cambridge University --- Chien-chʻiao ta hsüeh --- Jianqiao da xue --- Kambrija Yeke Surġaġuli --- Kembridzhiĭn Ikh Surguulʹ --- Universität Cambridge --- Ying-kuo Chien-chʻiao ta hsüeh --- Кембриджийн Их Сургууль --- 剑桥大学 --- Chancellor, Masters, and Scholars of the University of Cambridge --- Cambridge. University
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This book makes good background reading for much of modern magnetospheric physics. Its origin was a Festspiel for Professor Jim Dungey, former professor in the Physics Department at Imperial College on the occasion of his 90th birthday, 30 January 2013. Remarkably, although he retired 30 years ago, his pioneering and, often, maverick work in the 50’s through to the 70’s on solar terrestrial physics is probably more widely appreciated today than when he retired. Dungey was a theoretical plasma physicist. The book covers how his reconnection model of the magnetosphere evolved to become the standard model of solar-terrestrial coupling. Dungey’s open magnetosphere model now underpins a holistic picture explaining not only the magnetic and plasma structure of the magnetosphere, but also its dynamics which can be monitored in real time. The book also shows how modern day simulation of solar terrestrial coupling can reproduce the real time evolution of the solar terrestrial system in ways undreamt of in 1961 when Dungey’s epoch-making paper was published. Further contributions on current Earth magnetosphere research and space plasma physics included in this book show how Dungey’s basic ideas have remained explanative 50 years on. But the Festspiel also introduced some advances that possibly Dungey had not foreseen. One of the contributions presented in this book is on the variety of magnetospheres of the solar system which have been seen directly during the space age, discussing the variations in spatial scale and reconnection time scale and comparing them in respect of Earth, Mercury, the giant planets as well as Ganymede.
Physics. --- Extraterrestrial Physics, Space Sciences. --- Geophysics/Geodesy. --- Plasma Physics. --- Physical geography. --- Astrophysics. --- Physique --- Géographie physique --- Astrophysique --- Dungey, Jim. --- Magnetospheric physics. --- Space plasmas. --- Astrophysics --- Astronomy & Astrophysics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Cosmic plasmas --- Plasmas, Cosmic --- Plasmas, Space --- Magnetosphere --- Physics --- Geophysics. --- Space sciences. --- Plasma (Ionized gases). --- Cosmic physics --- Plasma (Ionized gases) --- Atmospheric physics --- Space Sciences (including Extraterrestrial Physics, Space Exploration and Astronautics). --- Geography --- Astronomical physics --- Astronomy --- Geological physics --- Terrestrial physics --- Earth sciences --- Science and space --- Space research --- Cosmology --- Science --- Gaseous discharge --- Gaseous plasma --- Magnetoplasma --- Ionized gases
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