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In this powerful book, David B. Edwards traces the lives of three recent Afghan leaders in Afghanistan's history--Nur Muhammad Taraki, Samiullah Safi, and Qazi Amin Waqad--to explain how the promise of progress and prosperity that animated Afghanistan in the 1960's crumbled and became the present tragedy of discord, destruction, and despair. Before Taliban builds on the foundation that Edwards laid in his previous book, Heroes of the Age, in which he examines the lives of three significant figures of the late nineteenth century--a tribal khan, a Muslim saint, and a prince who became king of the newly created state. In the mid twentieth century, Afghans believed their nation could be a model of economic and social development that would inspire the world. Instead, political conflict, foreign invasion, and civil war have left the country impoverished and politically dysfunctional. Each of the men Edwards profiles were engaged in the political struggles of the country's recent history. They hoped to see Afghanistan become a more just and democratic nation. But their visions for their country were radically different, and in the end, all three failed and were killed or exiled. Now, Afghanistan is associated with international terrorism, drug trafficking, and repression. Before Taliban tells these men's stories and provides a thorough analysis of why their dreams for a progressive nation lie in ruins while the Taliban has succeeded. In Edwards's able hands, this culturally informed biography provides a mesmerizing and revealing look into the social and cultural contexts of political change.

Heads of state --- Islam and politics --- Chefs d'Etat --- Islam et politique --- Biography --- Biographies --- Tarah'kåi, Nåur Muòhammad --- Safi, Samiullah --- Waqad, Qazi Amin --- Afghanistan --- Politics and government --- Politique et gouvernement --- Afghanistan-- History-- Saur Revolution, 1978. --- Safi, Samiullah. --- Amin, Qazi Muhammad. --- History --- Tarahʹkåi, Nåur Muòhammad --- Qazi Muhammad Amin --- Samiullah Safi --- Soviet Union --- SOCIAL SCIENCE / Anthropology / Cultural & Social. --- 1960s. --- 20th century. --- afghanistan. --- biographical. --- civil war. --- cultural studies. --- drug trafficking. --- economics. --- economy. --- history. --- international terrorism. --- islam. --- life story. --- middle east. --- middle eastern history. --- middle eastern. --- muslim. --- nur muhammad taraki. --- political conflict. --- politics. --- progress. --- qazi amin waqad. --- repression. --- samiullah safi. --- social change. --- social development. --- social progress. --- social studies. --- taliban. --- terrorism. --- true story. --- world history.

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This book explores the impact of climate change on agriculture and our future ability to produce the crops which are the foundation of the human diet. The sustainability of agriculture is being challenged by climate change and rising food demand from a larger and wealthier human population. Humanity faces a global food deficit unless the efficiency and resilience of crop production is improved. This work addresses the specific climate change issues and explore the potential for genomics assisted breeding of improved crops with greater yield and tolerance to the stresses associated with predicted climate change scenarios. Within the coming decades challenges to international food production will occur like no other time in human history, and a substantial increase in the production of food is essential if we are to continue to feed the growing human population. There is an urgent need to increase crop yield, quality and stability of production, enhancing the resilience of crops to climate variability and increasing the productivity of minor crops to diversify food production. Improvements in agricultural practice and the increased use of fertilisers and pesticides have increased food production over the last few decades, however it is now considered that further such improvements are limited. The science of genomics offers the greatest potential for crop improvement. Through the application of genomics technology it is possible to accelerate the breeding of major crops, bring current orphan crops into accelerated agricultural breeding programs and convert diverse non-crop species into future crops adapted to the changing climate. Through this process we can help secure the food supply for the coming generations.

Genetics --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Plant genetics. --- Plants --- Climatic factors. --- Flora --- Plant kingdom --- Plantae --- Vascular plants --- Vegetable kingdom --- Vegetation --- Wildlife --- Plant bioclimatology --- Plant biometeorology --- Plants and climate --- Bioclimatology --- Climatic factors --- Effect of climate on --- Effect of climatic changes on --- Plant breeding. --- Plant Ecology. --- Plant anatomy. --- Plant Genetics and Genomics. --- Plant Breeding/Biotechnology. --- Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts. --- Plant Anatomy/Development. --- Botany --- Plant structure --- Structural botany --- Vegetable anatomy --- Anatomy --- Ecology --- Crops --- Agriculture --- Breeding --- Structure --- Phytoecology --- Vegetation ecology --- Climate change. --- Plant ecology. --- Plant development. --- Development of plants --- Plant development --- Developmental biology --- Growth (Plants) --- Changes, Climatic --- Changes in climate --- Climate change --- Climate change science --- Climate changes --- Climate variations --- Climatic change --- Climatic changes --- Climatic fluctuations --- Climatic variations --- Global climate changes --- Global climatic changes --- Climatology --- Climate change mitigation --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- Ontogeny --- Environmental aspects --- Floristic ecology --- Global environmental change

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Journalism --- Journalistic ethics --- Mass media --- Press and politics --- Mass communication --- Media, Mass --- Media, The --- Communication --- Politics and the press --- Press --- Advertising, Political --- Government and the press --- Professional ethics --- Writing (Authorship) --- Literature --- Publicity --- Fake news --- Objectivity --- Social aspects --- History --- Political aspects --- Moral and ethical aspects

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This cutting-edge synthesis of the archaeology of Nubia and Sudan from prehistory to the nineteenth century AD is the first major work on this area for over three decades. Drawing on results of the latest research and developing new interpretive frameworks, the area which has produced the most spectacular archaeology in sub-Saharan Africa is examined here by an author with extensive experience in this field.The geographical range of the book extends through the Nubian north, the Middle Nile Basin, and includes what has become the modern Sudan. Using period-based chapters, the region

Archaeology --- Archeology --- Anthropology --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- History --- Antiquities --- Sudan --- Antiquities.

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Of the Nubian Archaeological Campaigns responding to the construction of the Aswan High Dam, the survey and excavations carried out within Sudanese Nubia represent the most substantial achievement of the larger enterprise. Many components of the larger project of the UNESCO - Sudan Antiquities Service Survey have been published, in addition to the reports of a number of other major projects assigned separate concessions within the region. However, the results of one major element, the Archaeological Survey of Sudanese Nubia (ASSN) between the Second Cataract and the Dal Cataract remain largely unpublished. This volume, focusing on the pharaonic sites, is the first of a series which aims to bring to publication the records of the ASSN. These records represent a major body of data relating to a region largely now lost to flooding. This is also a region of very considerable importance for understanding the archaeology and history of Nubia more generally, not least in relation to the still often poorly understood relationships between Lower Nubia to the north and the surviving areas of Middle and Upper Nubia, to the south. The ASSN project fieldwork was undertaken over six years between 1963 and 1969, investigating c.130km of the river valley between Gemai, at the south end of the Second Cataract, and Dal.

Social Science / Archaeology --- Social sciences --- Behavioral sciences --- Human sciences --- Sciences, Social --- Social science --- Social studies --- Civilization --- Excavacions arqueològiques --- Núbia (Regió) --- Sudan --- Excavacions (Arqueologia) --- Jaciments arqueològics --- Ruïnes --- Arqueologia --- Ciutats desaparegudes --- Expedicions arqueològiques --- Al-Gumhuriyat al-Sudan --- República del Sudan --- Àfrica oriental --- Corn d'Àfrica (Regió) --- Països àrabs --- Països musulmans --- Sahel (Regió) --- Nil Blanc (Burundi i Sudan : Curs d'aigua) --- República del Sudan del Sud --- Buhen (Sudan : Jaciment arqueològic) --- Egipte