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The region crossed by the upper course of the Tigris River, in south-eastern Turkey, has long been an area little known from an archaeological point of view. The intensification of field research, starting from the nineties of the last century, has produced the evidence on which to base a first reconstruction of the history of the settlement and of the material culture of these territories, located between the high Anatolian-Eastern lands and the Mesopotamian plains. The results of the excavations and field surveys indicate that between the end of the Ancient Bronze Age and the beginning of the Middle Bronze Age a process of transformation and reorganisation of the local communities matured. The appearance of large architectural complexes and buildings in medium-small sites, characterised by particular sets of objects and red-brown ceramics, could reveal the development of socio-political realities more structured than those of the previous period. Moreover, this could be an expression of the Khurrite world which, according to historical studies, would locate one of its main settlement areas in the Tigris region.

Prehistoric peoples --- Bronze age

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This book contains studies on the symbolic significance of the landscape for the communities inhabiting the central Anatolian plateau and the Upper Euphrates and Tigris valleys in the 2nd-1st millennia BC. Some of the scholars who attended to the international conference Sacred Landscapes of Hittites and Luwians held in Florence in February 2014, present here contributions on the religious, symbolic and social landscapes of Anatolia between the Late Bronze Age and Iron Age. Archaeologists, hittitologists and historians highlight how the ancient populations perceived many elements of the environment, like mountains, rivers and rocks, but also atmospheric agents, and natural phenomena as essential part of their religious and ideological world. Analysing landscapes, architectures and topographies built by the Anatolian communities in the second and first millennia BC, the framework of a symbolic construction intended for specific actions and practices clearly emerges.