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In early 1920 in Hawaii, Japanese sugar cane workers, faced with spiraling living expenses, defiantly struck for a wage increase to 1.25 per day. The event shook the traditional power structure in Hawaii and, as Masayo Duus demonstrates in this book, had consequences reaching all the way up to the eve of World War II. By the end of World War I, the Hawaiian Islands had become what a Japanese guidebook called a "Japanese village in the Pacific," with Japanese immigrant workers making up nearly half the work force on the Hawaiian sugar plantations. Although the strikers eventually capitulated, the Hawaiian territorial government, working closely with the planters, cracked down on the strike leaders, bringing them to trial for an alleged conspiracy to dynamite the house of a plantation official. And to end dependence on Japanese immigrant labor, the planters lobbied hard in Washington to lift restrictions on the immigration of Chinese workers. Placing the event in the context of immigration history as well as diplomatic history, Duus argues that the clash between the immigrant Japanese workers and the Hawaiian oligarchs deepened the mutual suspicion between the Japanese and United States governments. Eventually, she demonstrates, this suspicion led to the passage of the so-called Japanese Exclusion Act of 1924, an event that cast a long shadow into the future. Drawing on both Japanese- and English-language materials, including important unpublished trial documents, this richly detailed narrative focuses on the key actors in the strike. Its dramatic conclusions will have broad implications for further research in Asian American studies, labor history, and immigration history.

Strikes and lockouts --- Aliens --- Japanese --- Emigration and immigration law --- Labor & Workers' Economics --- Business & Economics --- History --- Legal staus, laws, etc --- Legal status, laws, etc --- Oahu (Hawaii) --- United States --- Japan --- Social conditions. --- Foreign relations --- E-books --- Ethnology --- Enemy aliens --- Expatriates --- Foreign citizens (Aliens) --- Foreign population --- Foreign residents --- Foreigners --- Noncitizens --- Resident aliens --- Unnaturalized foreign residents --- Persons --- Deportees --- Exiles --- Immigrants --- Refugees --- Combinations of labor --- Lockouts --- Work stoppages --- Direct action --- Labor disputes --- Strikebreakers --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Hawaii --- Illegal aliens --- Illegal immigrants --- Non-citizens --- Unauthorized immigrants --- Undocumented aliens --- Undocumented immigrants

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Taxation --- Tax planning --- Droit fiscal --- Planification fiscale --- Law and legislation --- Business enterprises, Foreign --- Aliens --- fiscalite --- droit fiscal --- conventions fiscales internationales --- grand duche de luxembourg --- LU / Luxembourg - Luxemburg --- 348.5 --- 336.201 --- fiscaliteit --- fiscaal recht --- internationale belastingverdragen --- groothertogdom luxemburg --- Belastingsrecht. --- Fiscaal regime: structuur en evolutie. Fiscale hervorming. --- Tax avoidance --- Tax saving --- Duties --- Fee system (Taxation) --- Tax policy --- Tax reform --- Taxation, Incidence of --- Taxes --- Foreign business enterprises --- Enemy aliens --- Expatriates --- Foreign citizens (Aliens) --- Foreign population --- Foreign residents --- Foreigners --- Noncitizens --- Resident aliens --- Unnaturalized foreign residents --- Fiscaal regime: structuur en evolutie. Fiscale hervorming --- Belastingsrecht --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Estate planning --- Finance, Public --- Revenue --- Business enterprises --- Persons --- Deportees --- Exiles --- Immigrants --- Refugees --- Illegal aliens --- Illegal immigrants --- Non-citizens --- Unauthorized immigrants --- Undocumented aliens --- Undocumented immigrants --- Taxation - Law and legislation - Luxembourg. --- Tax planning - Luxembourg. --- Business enterprises, Foreign - Taxation - Law and legislation - Luxembourg. --- Aliens - Taxation - Law and legislation - Luxembourg.

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"Debt is the hidden engine driving undocumented migration to the United States. So argues David Stoll in this powerful chronicle of migrants, moneylenders, and swindlers in the Guatemalan highlands, one of the locales that, collectively, are sending millions of Latin Americans north in search of higher wages. As an anthropologist, Stoll has witnessed the Ixil Mayas of Nebaj grow in numbers, run out of land, and struggle to find employment. Aid agencies have provided microcredits to turn the Nebajenses into entrepreneurs, but credit alone cannot boost productivity in crowded mountain valleys, which is why many recipients have invested the loans in smuggling themselves to the United States. Back home, their remittances have inflated the price of land so high that only migrants can afford to buy it. Thus, more Nebajenses have felt obliged to borrow the large sums needed to go north. So many have done so that, even before the Great Recession hit the U.S. in 2008, many were unable to find enough work to pay back their loans, triggering a financial crash back home. Now migrants and their families are losing the land and homes they have pledged as collateral. Chain migration, moneylending, and large families, Stoll proposes, have turned into pyramid schemes in which the poor transfer risk and loss to their near and dear."- from Amazon.com

Microfinance --- Ixil Indians --- Quiché Indians --- Emigrant remittances --- Undocumented immigrants --- Immigrant remittances --- Remittances, Emigrant --- Foreign exchange --- K'iche' Indians --- Quichés --- Indians of Central America --- Mayas --- Micro-finance --- Microcredit --- Microenterprise lending --- Microlending --- Financial services industry --- Small business --- Economic conditions. --- Finance --- Nebaj (Guatemala) --- Santa María Nebaj (Guatemala) --- Emigration and immigration --- Economic aspects. --- Illegal aliens --- Aliens --- Aliens, Illegal --- Illegal immigrants --- Illegal immigration --- Undocumented aliens --- Alien detention centers --- Human smuggling --- Economic conditions --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- E-books --- Enemy aliens --- Expatriates --- Foreign population --- Foreign residents --- Foreigners --- Non-citizens --- Noncitizens --- Resident aliens --- Unauthorized immigrants --- Unnaturalized foreign residents --- Persons --- Illegal immigration. --- Children of illegal aliens --- Illegal alien children --- Irregular migration --- Unauthorized immigration --- Undocumented immigration --- Women illegal aliens --- Noncitizen detention centers

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Illicit work, social security fraud, economic crime and other shadow economy activities are fast becoming an international problem. Friedrich Schneider and Dominik H. Enste use currency demand, physical input (electricity) method, and the model approach to estimate the size of the shadow economy in 76 developing, transition and OECD-countries. They argue that during the 1990s the average size of a shadow economy varied from 12 per cent of GDP for OECD, to 23 per cent for transition and to 39% for developing countries. They examine the causes and consequences of this development using an integrated approach explaining deviant behaviour, which combines the findings of economic, sociological and psychological research. The authors suggest that increasing taxation, social security contributions, rising state regulatory activities and the decline of the tax morale, are all driving forces behind this growth, especially in OECD-countries. They propose a reform of state institutions to improve the dynamics of the official economy.

Economic structure --- economie souterraine --- fraude --- criminalite --- situation economique --- AA / International- internationaal --- 336.208 --- 343.35 --- Informal sector (Economics) --- 330 --- Hidden economy --- Parallel economy --- Second economy --- Shadow economy --- Subterranean economy --- Underground economy --- Artisans --- Economics --- Small business --- ondergrondse economie --- criminaliteit --- economische toestand --- Grondslag, vereffening, inning en controle van de belastingen. Fiscale fraude. Zwartwerk. Parallelle economie. --- Misdrijven tegen de openbare administratie, de belasting- en administratieve wetgeving. --- Commercial crimes. --- Informal sector (Economics). --- Business enterprises --- Commercial crimes --- Tax evasion --- Illegal aliens --- Welfare fraud --- Fraud --- Management --- Business & Economics --- Industrial Management --- Corrupt practices --- Business, Economy and Management --- Tax evasion. --- Illegal aliens. --- Welfare fraud. --- Fraud. --- Corrupt practices. --- Commercial fraud --- Deceit --- Misrepresentation (Crime) --- Aliens --- Aliens, Illegal --- Illegal immigrants --- Illegal immigration --- Undocumented aliens --- Evasion, Fiscal --- Fiscal evasion --- Tax avoidance --- Tax delinquency --- Tax-dodging --- Tax fraud --- Taxation --- Taxation, Evasion of --- Corporate crime --- Crimes, Financial --- Financial crimes --- Offenses affecting the public trade --- Business organizations --- Businesses --- Companies --- Enterprises --- Firms --- Organizations, Business --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Evasion --- Deception --- Torts --- Hoaxes --- Impostors and imposture --- Public welfare --- Swindlers and swindling --- Alien detention centers --- Human smuggling --- White collar crimes --- Crime --- Business --- E-books --- Grondslag, vereffening, inning en controle van de belastingen. Fiscale fraude. Zwartwerk. Parallelle economie --- Misdrijven tegen de openbare administratie, de belasting- en administratieve wetgeving --- Undocumented immigrants. --- Undocumented immigrants --- Noncitizens. --- Enemy aliens --- Expatriates --- Foreign population --- Foreign residents --- Foreigners --- Non-citizens --- Noncitizens --- Resident aliens --- Unauthorized immigrants --- Unnaturalized foreign residents --- Persons --- Illegal immigration. --- Undocumented Immigrants --- Children of illegal aliens --- Illegal alien children --- Irregular migration --- Unauthorized immigration --- Undocumented immigration --- Women illegal aliens --- Emigration and immigration --- Noncitizen detention centers

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Accompanying a sustained period of economic growth, the flows of labour migrants between the economies of East and South-east Asia grew considerably prior to the recent crisis. These flows have become more diverse and complex rendering necessary the improved monitoring of migration trends and policies in each country as well as bringing forth the need to extend the exchange of expertise and experience between the region's experts and policy makers. What has been the impact of the crisis on national labour markets? How have the different countries modified their approach to the employment of foreign workers? To what extent have foreign workers been affected? These questions are examined in this publication, which identifies the impact of the Asian financial crisis on labour migration and the conditions of migrant workers in the region. In addition to keynote reports on the origins of the crisis and its policy implications, individual case studies on China, Hong Kong (China), Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand present detailed analyses of labour migration, the employment of foreign workers and the recent changes in migration policies.

Foreign workers --- Illegal aliens --- Labor market --- Labor mobility --- Labor economics --- Labor unions --- Financial crises --- Travailleurs étrangers --- Immigrants clandestins --- Marché du travail --- Main-d'oeuvre --- Economie du travail --- Syndicats --- Crises financières --- Congresses --- Congresses. --- Congrès --- Mobilité --- Asia --- Asie --- Emigration and immigration --- Economic conditions --- Emigration et immigration --- Conditions économiques --- marche du travail --- migration --- crise monetaire --- asie --- arbeidsmarkt --- migratie --- monetaire crisis --- azie --- Travailleurs étrangers --- Marché du travail --- Crises financières --- Congrès --- Mobilité --- Conditions économiques --- Industrial unions --- Labor, Organized --- Labor organizations --- Organized labor --- Trade-unions --- Unions, Labor --- Unions, Trade --- Working-men's associations --- Labor movement --- Societies --- Central labor councils --- Guilds --- Syndicalism --- Mobility, Labor --- Migration, Internal --- Labor supply --- Labor turnover --- Employees --- Market, Labor --- Supply and demand for labor --- Markets --- Economics --- Aliens --- Aliens, Illegal --- Illegal immigrants --- Illegal immigration --- Undocumented aliens --- Alien detention centers --- Human smuggling --- Alien labor --- Foreign labor --- Guest workers --- Guestworkers --- Immigrant labor --- Immigrant workers --- Migrant labor (Foreign workers) --- Migrant workers (Foreign workers) --- Crashes, Financial --- Crises, Financial --- Financial crashes --- Financial panics --- Panics (Finance) --- Stock exchange crashes --- Stock market panics --- Crises --- Legal status, laws, etc --- Supply and demand --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Employment --- Asian and Pacific Council countries --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Eurasia --- Undocumented persons --- Noncitizens --- Noncitizen labor --- Children of illegal aliens --- Illegal alien children --- Irregular migration --- Unauthorized immigration --- Undocumented immigration --- Women illegal aliens --- Noncitizen detention centers --- Enemy aliens --- Expatriates --- Foreign population --- Foreign residents --- Foreigners --- Non-citizens --- Resident aliens --- Unauthorized immigrants --- Undocumented immigrants --- Unnaturalized foreign residents --- Persons