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Recently, there has been much open debate with the regulators around the use of ePRO in clinical drug submissions. US and European agencies have approved new drugs that have included ePRO data in the submission dossier, but there are many questions around the adoption of the technology that concern the community. Bill Byrom and Brian Tiplady's ePro addresses these questions, reviews the new FDA guidance, and provides a very contemporary view on this important subject.

Clinical trials --- Outcome assessment (Medical care) --- Data processing.

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Program evaluations often focus on average treatment effects. However, average treatment effects miss important aspects of policy evaluation, such as the impact on inequality and whether treatment harms some individuals. A growing literature develops methods to evaluate such issues by examining the distributional impacts of programs and policies. This toolkit reviews methods to do so, focusing on their application to randomized control trials. The paper emphasizes two strands of the literature: estimation of impacts on outcome distributions and estimation of the distribution of treatment impacts. The article then discusses extensions to conditional treatment effect heterogeneity, that is, to analyses of how treatment impacts vary with observed characteristics. The paper offers advice on inference, testing, and power calculations, which are important when implementing distributional analyses in practice. Finally, the paper illustrates select methods using data from two randomized evaluations.

Control Trials --- Distributional Impact Analysis --- Heterogeneous Treatment Effects --- Outcome Distributions --- Policy Evaluaon --- Treatment Effects

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With the United States and other developed nations spending as much as 14 percent of their GDP on medical care, economists and policy analysts are asking what these countries are getting in return. Yet it remains frustrating and difficult to measure the productivity of the medical care service industries. This volume takes aim at that problem, while taking stock of where we are in our attempts to solve it. Much of this analysis focuses on the capacity to measure the value of technological change and other health care innovations. A key finding suggests that growth in health care spending has coincided with an increase in products and services that together reduce mortality rates and promote additional health gains. Concerns over the apparent increase in unit prices of medical care may thus understate positive impacts on consumer welfare. When appropriately adjusted for such quality improvements, health care prices may actually have fallen. Provocative and compelling, this volume not only clarifies one of the more nebulous issues in health care analysis, but in so doing addresses an area of pressing public policy concern.

Medical care --- Medical care, Cost of --- Delivery of health care --- Delivery of medical care --- Health care --- Health care delivery --- Health services --- Healthcare --- Medical and health care industry --- Medical services --- Personal health services --- Public health --- Cost effectiveness --- Econometric models --- Outcome Assessment (Health Care) --- Cost-Benefit Analysis --- Models, Econometric --- Econometric Models --- Econometric Model --- Model, Econometric --- Benefits and Costs --- Cost Benefit --- Cost Benefit Analysis --- Cost-Effectiveness Analysis --- Cost-Utility Analysis --- Costs and Benefits --- Economic Evaluation --- Marginal Analysis --- Cost Effectiveness --- Cost-Benefit Data --- Analyses, Cost Benefit --- Analyses, Cost-Benefit --- Analyses, Cost-Utility --- Analyses, Marginal --- Analysis, Cost Benefit --- Analysis, Cost-Benefit --- Analysis, Cost-Effectiveness --- Analysis, Cost-Utility --- Analysis, Marginal --- Cost Benefit Analyses --- Cost Benefit Data --- Cost Effectiveness Analysis --- Cost Utility Analysis --- Cost-Benefit Analyses --- Cost-Utility Analyses --- Data, Cost-Benefit --- Economic Evaluations --- Effectiveness, Cost --- Evaluation, Economic --- Evaluations, Economic --- Marginal Analyses --- Assessment, Outcomes --- Outcome Measures --- Outcome Studies --- Outcomes Assessment --- Outcomes Research --- Assessment, Outcome (Health Care) --- Assessments, Outcome (Health Care) --- Assessments, Outcomes --- Measure, Outcome --- Measures, Outcome --- Outcome Assessments (Health Care) --- Outcome Measure --- Outcome Study --- Outcomes Assessments --- Research, Outcomes --- Studies, Outcome --- Study, Outcome --- United States. --- E-books --- Cost and Benefit --- Benefit and Cost --- medical, medicine, hospital, healthcare, wellness, economics, economy, industry, finance, financial, income, united states, usa, america, american, developing countries, developed world, gdp, policy, analyst, analysis, production, service, job, career, workplace, mortality, death, illness, products, services, quality, prices, congresses, cost, theoretical, measurement, nonprofit, national, depression, treatment.

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This book will present contributions by economists, systems developers, safety, health services, occupational and environmental health, and biomedical researchers in the fields of regulatory development, safety, quality assurance, health outcomes, occupational health, and biomedicine. The contributing research will explore the synergy of new science-based risk regulatory approaches, industry focus on manufacturing efficiencies and information technology and biogenetic innovations, and consumers demand for improved safety and quality of products, services, quality assurance, and transparency of information.The book investigates the impact of information technology, biogenetic, and pharmacological innovation on individuals quality of life, safety, individual and system health care utilization, occupational and environmental health and formulary decision making, and costs. It contains analyses of clinical and health outcomes resulting from innovative biopharmaceutical entities and delivery systems in the treatment of chronic conditions. It emphasises effective quality, regulatory system, and consistent science-based decision-making practices from private and public organizations and demonstrates regulatory issues affecting innovation and efficiency.

Technological innovations --- Human capital --- Outcome assessment (Medical care) --- Information technology --- Assessment of outcome (Medical care) --- Outcome evaluation (Medical care) --- Outcome measures (Medical care) --- Outcomes assessment (Medical care) --- Outcomes measurement (Medical care) --- Outcomes research (Medical care) --- Patient outcome assessment --- Medical care --- Human assets --- Human beings --- Human resources --- Capital --- Labor supply --- Social aspects --- Evaluation --- Economic value --- E-books --- Social aspects. --- Technological innovations. --- Business & Economics --- Personal & public health. --- Occupational --- Personnel management. --- Economics --- General. --- Development --- Business Development. --- industrial health & safety. --- Corporations --- Employment management --- Human resource management --- Human resources management --- Manpower utilization --- Personnel administration --- Management --- Public administration --- Employees --- Employment practices liability insurance --- Supervision of employees --- Personnel management

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This paper reports the labor market effects of the Jamaica Early Childhood Stimulation intervention at age 31. The study is a small-sample randomized early childhood education stimulation intervention targeting stunted children living in the poor neighborhoods of Kingston, Jamaica. Implemented in 1987-89, treatment consisted of a two-year, home-based intervention designed to improve nutrition and the quality of mother-child interactions to foster cognitive, language, and psycho-social skills. The original sample was 127 stunted children between ages 9 and 24 months. The study was able to track and interview 75 percent of the original sample 30 years after the intervention, both still living in Jamaica and migrated abroad. The findings reveal large and statistically significant effects on income and schooling; the treatment group had 43 percent higher hourly wages and 37 percent higher earnings than the control group. This is a substantial increase over the treatment effect estimated for age 22, when a 25 percent increase in earnings was observed.

Early Child and Children's Health --- Early Childhood Development --- Education --- Education Stimulation --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Labor Market Outcome --- Labor Markets --- Nutrition --- Poverty Reduction --- Services and Transfers To Poor --- Social Protections and Assistance --- Stunting