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The World Bank has engaged with the government of Sri Lanka in an advisory services and analytics (ASA) work entitled priorities for sustainably managing Sri Lanka's marine fisheries, coastal aquaculture and the ecosystems that support them. The development objective of this ASA is to support the government in prioritizing investment and policy actions to enhance the welfare and resilience of coastal fishing communities and fisheries' contribution to the national economy, including in light of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and climate risks. This ASA forms part of the Bank's support to the government in its effort to respond to, recover from, and build back better after the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, given the important role that the fisheries sector plays in the livelihoods of the coastal communities and food security of the nation as a whole. The government took swift measures to provide immediate relief and restore domestic fisheries production and the associated value chain in the first phase of the pandemic. For the recovery and build-back-better phases, the government is prioritizing sustainability and resilience, as well as infrastructure enhancement, adoption of innovative technology, institutional strengthening, and skill development to enhance productivity and global competitiveness as a means to generate employment and local value added and contribute to the balance of payments.

Agriculture --- Ecosystems and Natural Habitats --- Environment --- Fisheries and Aquaculture --- Water Resources

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This paper investigates the effectiveness of protected areas in slowing tropical forest clearing in 64 countries in Asia/Pacific, Africa, and Latin America for the period 2001-2012. The investigation compares deforestation rates inside and within 10 kilometers outside the boundary of protected areas. Annual time series of these deforestation rates were constructed from recently published high-resolution data on forest clearing. For 4,028 parks, panel estimation based on a variety of park characteristics was conducted to test if deforestation is lower in protected areas because of their protected status, or if other factors explain the difference. For a sample of 726 parks established since 2002, a test also was conducted to investigate the effect of park establishment on protection. The findings suggest park size, national park status, and management by indigenous people all have significant association with effective protection across regions. For the Asia/Pacific region, the test offers compelling evidence that park establishment has a near-immediate and powerful effect.

Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases --- Deforestation --- Ecosystems and Natural Habitats --- Environment --- Forestry --- Protected Area --- Rural Development --- Wildlife Resources

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Tourism is an engine for jobs, exports, and investments. The tourism sector is also the largest, global, market-based contributor to financing protected area systems. Nature-based tourism (NBT) is a sub-component of the tourism sector that includes wildlife-based tourism. NBT is a powerful tool countries can leverage to grow and diversify their economies while protecting their biodiversity, and contributing to many sustainable development goals (SDG), including SDGs 12 and 15. Local communities, private sector enterprises, and governments can also benefit from investments in tourism through increased market opportunities and linkages to tourism services such as agriculture production, hoteling, restaurants, transportation, health services, et cetera This report explores innovative tourism partnership and investment opportunities to help countries unlock smart investment and grow tourism sustainably. It showcases sustainable wildlife tourism models from Botswana, India, Kenya, South Africa and many other countries and promotes solutions that offer insight into the wildlife based tourism sector as a mechanism for inclusive poverty reduction and global conservation.

Accommodation and Tourism Industry --- Ecosystems and Natural Habitats --- Environment --- Environmental Protection --- Industry --- Tourism and Ecotourism --- Wildlife Resources

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The report aims to advance a policy dialogue on how to address sustainability challenges from lowland developments. The specific approach discussed in this report is the "landscape approach" which, in turn, calls for improved "landscape governance." As a technical background study, the report serves four functions. First, it summarizes the principles of a landscape approach, elaborated in the context of Indonesia's lowlands through two previous technical studies. Second, it takes stock of current governance challenges in Indonesia's lowlands, focusing on those related to the government sector, and discusses how these challenges currently prevent a landscape approach from being implemented in Indonesia's lowlands. Third, it reviews Indonesia's recent efforts to address the governance challenges in the management of peatlands and other lowland ecosystems. Fourth, it offers recommendations on options to improve lowland governance in order to shift toward integrated management of Indonesia's lowlands based on a landscape approach.The report focuses on the lowland areas in eight fire-prone provinces, and on key landscape governance issues related to peatlands. Indonesia suffered many years of repeated fires and haze crises, with landmark events in 1982/83, 1997/98, 2002, 2006, 2009, and 2015. The 2015 El Nino-driven fires were particularly extensive and costly. Almost 80 percent of the 2015-16 fires occurred within the lowland areas in eight fire-prone provinces-Central Kalimantan, East Kalimantan, Jambi, Papua, Riau, South Kalimantan, South Sumatra, and West Kalimantan-which together account for 87 percent of lowland areas nationally. The report highlights the importance of sustainable landscape management of lowland areas, particularly of the peatlands within lowland boundaries, for achieving the Government of Indonesia's objective in preventing land and forest fires.

Agricultural Sector Economics --- Agriculture --- Crops and Crop Management Systems --- Deforestation --- Ecosystems and Natural Habitats --- Environment --- Forestry Management --- Sustainable Land Management

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Central Asia experiences frequent sand and dust storms (SDS), which have been made worse by human activity. The main objective of this study is to provide an economic analysis of the benefits of afforestation of the former Aral Seabed in Uzbekistan. The objective of this study is to estimate economic benefits attributed to afforestation of the former Aral Seabed in Uzbekistan. Proper estimation and categorization of economic benefits associated with each scenario of landscape restoration enables the Government of Uzbekistan and local authorities to allocate limited resources in an efficient way, supporting promising rehabilitation techniques and practices. Based on wind erosion modeling results, this study measures soil retention ecosystem services in the former Aral Seabed in Uzbekistan. To understand the value of soil retention ecosystem services, several scenarios of landscape restoration are considered.

Air Pollution --- Air Quality and Clean Air --- Brown Issues and Health --- Drylands and Desertification --- Ecosystems and Natural Habitats --- Environment --- Particulate Matter --- Sustainable Land Management