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"How can the impact of aid be estimated in the presence of fungibility? And how far does fungibility reduce its benefits? These questions are analyzed in a context where a donor wants to target its efforts on a specific sector and specific geographic areas. A traditional differences-in-differences method comparing the change in outcomes between the target and nontarget areas before and after the project risks misestimating the project's benefits. The paper develops an alternative estimation method in which intersectoral fungibility reduces project benefits insofar as government spending has a smaller impact in the sector to which the funds leak than in the target sector, while intrasectoral fungibility reduces benefits insofar as the donor is able to leverage productivity increases in government spending in the target areas. The methods are applied to two contemporaneous World Bank health projects that set out to target assistance on approximately one-half of Vietnam's provinces. Aid is not apparently fungible between Vietnam's health sector and other sectors, but is fungible across provinces within the health sector. Differences-in-differences yield an insignificant impact on infant mortality, while the use of the new method yields a statistically significant impact of around 4 per 1000 live births. The results, however, are ambiguous on the costs associated with intrasectoral fungibility. "--World Bank web site.
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"Aid to developing countries has largely neglected the population-wide health services that are core to communicable disease control in the developed world. These mostly non-clinical services generate "pure public goods" by reducing everyone's exposure to disease through measures such as implementing health and sanitary regulations. They complement the clinical preventive and treatment services which are the donors' main focus. Their neglect is manifested, for example, in a lack of coherent public health regulations in countries where donors have long been active, facilitating the spread of diseases such as avian flu. These services can be inexpensive, and dramatically reduce health inequalities. Sri Lanka spends less than 0.2% of GDP on its well-designed population-wide services, which contribute to the country's high levels of health equity and life expectancy despite low GDP per head and civil war. Evidence abounds on the negative externalities of weak population-wide health services. Global public health security cannot be assured without building strong national population-wide health systems to reduce the potential for communicable diseases to spread within and beyond their borders. Donors need greater clarity about what constitutes a strong public health system, and how to build them. The paper discusses gaps in donors' approaches and first steps toward closing them. "--World Bank web site.
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Medical assistance --- Educational assistance --- World Bank.
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Medical assistance --- Medical policy --- Public health --- Evaluation.
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AA / International- internationaal --- 311.6 --- 313 --- 351.2 --- Gezondheidstoestand van de bevolking. --- Levenswijze en levensstandaard. Levensminimum. sociale indicatoren (Studiën). --- Openbare gezondheid. Milieubescherming. Milieuvervuiling. --- Public health --- World Health. --- International Cooperation. --- International cooperation. --- World health. --- International agencies --- Medical assistance --- Public health laws, International --- World health --- International cooperation --- Gezondheidstoestand van de bevolking --- Levenswijze en levensstandaard. Levensminimum. sociale indicatoren (Studiën) --- Openbare gezondheid. Milieubescherming. Milieuvervuiling --- Group of Eight (Organization) --- G8 (Organization) --- Группа восьми (Organization) --- Gruppa vosʹmi (Organization) --- Group of Seven (Organization)
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The Historical Dictionary of the World Health Organization covers the history of the WHO through a chronology, an introductory essay, appendixes, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 1000 cross-referenced entries on key bodies, programs, events and people. This book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about the World Health Organization.
Public health --- International cooperation. --- World Health Organization --- History --- History. --- Wereldgezondheidsorganisatie --- World health organization --- International agencies --- Medical assistance --- Public health laws, International --- World health --- International Agencies --- World Health --- organization & administration&delete& --- English --- History&delete& --- World Health Organization. --- E-books --- International Health --- Worldwide Health --- International Health Problems --- Health Problem, International --- Health Problems, International --- Health, Global --- Health, International --- Health, World --- Health, Worldwide --- Healths, International --- International Health Problem --- International Healths --- Problem, International Health --- Problems, International Health --- Agencies, International --- Agency, International --- International Agency --- history&delete& --- Dictionaries. --- organization & administration
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Public health --- Medical assistance --- Population assistance --- Nutrition policy --- Health Care Evaluation Mechanisms --- Environment and Public Health --- Community Health Services --- Evaluation Studies as Topic --- Health --- Medicine --- Quality of Health Care --- Reproductive Health Services --- Family Planning Services --- Program Evaluation --- Public Health --- Health Services Administration --- Health Services --- Health Care --- Investigative Techniques --- Population Characteristics --- Health Occupations --- Health Care Facilities, Manpower, and Services --- Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Evaluation --- Evaluation --- Evaluation --- Evaluation --- World Bank. --- Evaluation.
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"The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) is the agency in the Department of Health and Human Services responsible for providing health coverage for seniors and people with disabilities, for limited-income individuals and families, and for children--totaling almost 100 million beneficiaries. The agency's core mission was established more than four decades ago with a mandate to focus on the prompt payment of claims, which now total more than 1.2 billion annually. With CMS's mission expanding from its original focus on prompt claims payment come new requirements for the agency's information technology (IT) systems. Strategies and Priorities for Information Technology at the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services reviews CMS plans for its IT capabilities in light of these challenges and to make recommendations to CMS on how its business processes, practices, and information systems can best be developed to meet today's and tomorrow's demands. The report's recommendations and conclusions offered cluster around the following themes: (1) the need for a comprehensive strategic technology plan; (2) the application of an appropriate metamethodology to guide an iterative, incremental, and phased transition of business and information systems; (3) the criticality of IT to high-level strategic planning and its implications for CMS's internal organization and culture; and (4) the increasing importance of data and analytical efforts to stakeholders inside and outside CMS. Given the complexity of CMS's IT systems, there will be no simple solution. Although external contractors and advisory organizations will play important roles, CMS needs to assert well-informed technical and strategic leadership. The report argues that the only way for CMS to succeed in these efforts is for the agency, with its stakeholders and Congress, to recognize resolutely that action must be taken, to begin the needed cultural and organizational transformations, and to develop the appropriate internal expertise to lead the initiative with a comprehensive, incremental, iterative, and integrated approach that effectively and strategically integrates business requirements and IT capabilities."--Publisher's description.
Medicaid. --- Medicare. --- Medicaid --- Medical Assistance --- Information technology. --- Health insurance --- Poor --- Medicare --- Older people --- Medigap --- IT (Information technology) --- Technology --- Telematics --- Information superhighway --- Knowledge management --- Medical care --- Medical informatics --- Information technology --- E-books --- Health plans, Prepaid --- Insurance, Health --- Medical care, Prepaid --- Medical insurance --- Prepaid health plans --- Prepaid medical care --- Sickness insurance --- Insurance --- Ambulance service --- Health care reform --- Home care services --- Hospitals --- Medically uninsured persons --- Surgical clinics --- Prospective payment --- Emergency services --- Outpatient services --- Rehabilitation services --- Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (U.S.) --- Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (U.S.) --- Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid (U.S.) --- CMS --- United States.
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Medicare --- Forecasting --- -Medicare --- -US / United States of America - USA - Verenigde Staten - Etats Unis --- 336.024 --- 368.42 --- 09.09.a --- Health insurance --- Older people --- Medicaid --- Medigap --- Geneeskunde. --- Sociale begroting, rekeningen en uitgaven. Gezondheid. --- Ziekte- en invaliditeitsverzekering. Ziekenfondsen. --- Sociale verzekering ; Verenigde Staten ; Algemeen --- Legislation as Topic --- Medical Assistance --- Insurance, Health --- Public Assistance --- Social Control, Formal --- Financing, Government --- Health Care Economics and Organizations --- Financing, Organized --- Health Care --- Medical Care Plans --- trends. --- Hygiene. Public health. Protection --- Sociology of health --- Social policy --- United States --- 61 --- NBB congres --- US / United States of America - USA - Verenigde Staten - Etats Unis --- Congresses --- Forecasting&delete& --- Sociale begroting, rekeningen en uitgaven. Gezondheid --- Ziekte- en invaliditeitsverzekering. Ziekenfondsen --- Geneeskunde --- Medical care --- Medicare - Congresses --- Medicare - Forecasting - Congresses --- United States of America
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Public economics --- International economic relations --- Economic assistance --- Educational assistance --- Environmental policy --- Medical assistance --- Technical assistance --- #SBIB:022.IO --- #SBIB:327.4H72 --- #SBIB:35H415 --- Assistance, Technical --- Assistance, Technological --- Technological assistance --- Medical technical assistance --- Humanitarian assistance --- Foreign aid to education --- Foreign educational aid --- Economic aid --- Foreign aid program --- Foreign assistance --- Grants-in-aid, International --- International economic assistance --- International grants-in-aid --- Economic policy --- Conditionality (International relations) --- Planning --- International cooperation --- Noord-Zuid verhouding --- Beleidscyclus: evaluatie --- IMF --- World Bank --- Internationaal monetair fonds --- International monetary fund --- Assistance, Medical --- Medicine --- International Finance --- Finance --- Business & Economics --- International Monetary Fund --- Világbank --- Banque internationale pour la reconstruction et le développement --- Mezhdunarodnyĭ bank dli︠a︡ rekonstrukt︠s︡ii i razvitii︠a︡ --- MBRR --- Sekai Ginkō --- Kokusai Fukkō Kaihatsu Ginkō --- Kukche Puhŭng Kaebal Ŭnhaeng --- Segye Ŭnhaeng --- IBRD --- Welt Bank --- Weltbank --- Banque mondiale --- Internationale Bank für Wiederaufbau und Entwicklung --- Banco Internacional de Reconstrucción y Fomento --- Banco Mundial --- B.I.R.D. --- BIRD --- Banca Internațională pentru Reconstrucție și Dezvoltare --- Mirovoĭ Bank --- Svitovyĭ Bank --- Svitovyĭ bank rekonstrukt︠s︡iï i rozvytku --- Verdensbanken --- Międzynarodowy Bank Rozwoju i Odbudowy --- Bank al-Dawlī lil-Inshāʼ wa-al-Taʻmīr --- Bank al-Dawlī --- Världsbanken --- Banca ricostruzione e sviluppo --- Banca di ricostruzione e sviluppo --- BIRF --- I.B.R.D. --- B.I.R.F. --- Shih chieh yin hang --- Shi jie yin hang --- International Bank for Reconstruction and Development --- World Bank Group. World Bank --- Thanākhān Lōk --- Bank Światowy --- Viśva Baiṅka --- Lōka Băṅkuva --- Ngân hàng Thế giới --- Vsemirnyĭ Bank --- Bank Dunia --- Msopʻlio Bankis --- Banca Mondială --- BM --- Prapañca Byāṅku --- Banca mondiale --- Banca internazionale per la ricostruzione e lo sviluppo --- Dhanāgār Bibhab Lok --- البنك الدولي --- بنك الدولي --- 世界銀行 --- 世界银行 --- 国際復興開発銀行 --- Dėlkhiĭn Bank --- Дэлхийн Банк --- Hamashkharhayin Banki --- Svetska Banka --- Wereldbank --- Internationale bank voor herstel en ontwikkeling
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