Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Ford automobile --- Factory management

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

In a sample of industrial plants in India, direct community pressure on plants does not appear to play a major role in reducing emissions. Nor do formal inspections, possibly because of the low probability of enforcement and the low penalties for noncompliance. Industrial plants face pressure to abate water pollution from many sources, national and local, through formal government regulation and through more informal pressure from consumer groups and concern for the firm's reputation. Formal regulation tends to reflect the bargaining power of local communities and is not as uniform or blind as the law would imply. Regulators are not immune to the pulls and pushes of powerful community interests. Studies of enforcement in the U.S. steel industry, for example, find that it is weaker at plants that are major employers in the local labor market. Using survey data from India, Pargal, Mani, and Huq examine whether the monitoring and enforcement efforts of provincial pollution control authorities are affected by local community characteristics (which serve as proxies for political power). They also test for evidence that informal pressure on plants results in negotiated reductions in emissions. They find that high levels of pollution in India elicit a formal regulatory response: inspections. But inspections are ineffective in bringing about changes in behavior, probably because of bureaucratic or other problems in follow-through. Moreover, poorly paid inspectors with low morale may be susceptible to rent-seeking. They find little evidence to support the hypothesis that better-educated and higher-income communities are better able to pressure plants to reduce emissions than are poorer communities, although there are significantly more inspections in more developed districts. In India, whatever community pressure exists is probably channeled through formal regulatory mechanisms. Larger plants in India, as in the rest of the world, tend to be cleaner than smaller plants. Indian policymakers and regulators may want to explicitly recognize the tradeoff in environmental quality of the existing regulatory bias toward the small- and medium-scale sector. This paper-a product of the Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to study environmental regulation in developing countries. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project The Economics of Industrial Pollution Control in Developing Countries (RPO 680-20) and by a trust fund under the research project Social and Environmental Consequences of Growth-Oriented Policies.

Factory and trade waste. --- Water pollution.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Universities and other tertiary institutions maintain buildings, sites and communications infrastructure worth many millions of dollars. A more strategic approach to asset management is essential for success in a new environment, where tertiary education is becoming increasingly competitive, direct public funding is being cut back and technology and globalisation are bringing new challenges. What impact will new information technology have on space requirements? What steps can institutional managers take to manage risks in rapidly-changing circumstances? In what ways is the role of facilities managers changing, and what skills and tools will be required for them to do their job more effectively in the future? This book provides some answers to these questions and shows how the resources invested in facilities can be made to work more efficiently in the pursuit of institutional objectives. It is based on the proceedings of an international workshop that examined current trends in tertiary education policy: a more open market, student-centredness and user choice, lifelong learning and the blurring of sectoral differences.

Education --- Facility management. --- Facilities management --- Factory management --- Plant engineering

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Factory and trade waste --- Water quality --- Water --- Environmental aspects --- Pollution

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The book goes beyond the assembly line to examine the physical environment of the industrial landscape. What machines are used to make cars and computer chips? Who are the people who make the products? When did robots replace humans on the assembly line? Why are factories configured the way they are? The Factory: A Social History of Work and Technology answers these questions and more, offering readers a behind-the-scenes look into the wonders of mass production. The book traces the history of the factory from the first small cottage workshop through the Industrial Revolution to the large, clean room it is today. It also examines the people behind the machines and how their roles have been defined by the design of factory buildings. Lastly, it illustrates the broader world of industrialization in relation to the effects it has had on workers and the consumer society that feeds it.

Sociology --- Industries --- Factories --- History. --- Factory system --- E-books