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For many years Samuel Ullman (1840-1924) and his prose poem "Youth" have been known and admired among the Japanese. But both the man and his work are largely unknown in the United States, even in Alabama where he spent the last 40 years of his life in service to the city of Birmingham, devoting his energies especially to the development of educational opportunities for both black and white children. From the days when a framed copy of "Youth" hung on the wall of General Douglas MacArthur's office in Tokyo to the moment, decades later when the founder of Panasonic found inspiration in the poem, "Youth" has provided encouragement to hundreds of Japanese citizens. Americans, too, are beginning to respond to the positive message of "Youth" and are curious about its author. It was that expressed curiosity in the United States and Japan that led Margaret Armbrester to write about the life and times of Samuel Ullman. Ullman was born in Germany, came to the United States at the age of eleven, and settled in Port Gibson, Mississippi. After serving briefly in the Confederate Army, he took up residence in Natchez where he married, started a business, served as a city alderman, and was a member of the local board of education. In 1884, upon moving to the booming city of Birmingham, Alabama, Ullman was placed on that city's first board of education where, during his 18 years of service, he advocated educational benefits for black children similar to those provided for whites. While sitting on that board, Ullman also served as president and then lay rabbi of the city's reform congregation at Temple Emanu-El. Often controversial but always respected, Ullman left his mark on the religious, educational, and community life of the cities of Natchez and Birmingham. In his retirement he began to write poetry and left a body of over 50 poems and poetic essays that cover subjects as varied as love, nature, the hurried lifestyle of a friend, death, dying, and living "young." It is appropriate that "Youth" is the element that brought Ullman's life into public scrutiny. The message of "Youth" - its optimism and its challenge - reflects the substance of Ullman's life. Spanning the experience of Jewish immigrant, vanquished soldier, and progressive community activist, Samuel Ullman and "Youth": The Life, the Legacy tells the story of one man's vision that continues to affect people decades after his death.

Poets, American --- Businessmen --- American poetry --- Businesspeople --- American Literature --- English --- Languages & Literatures --- American poets --- Appreciation --- Biography. --- Biography --- Ullman, Samuel, --- E-books

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Although Brazil has become one of the largest economies in the world, it remains among the most closed economies as measured by the share of exports and imports in gross domestic product. This feature cannot be explained simply by the size of Brazil's economy. Rather, it is due to an economic structure reliant on domestic value chain integration as opposed to participation in global production networking. It also reflects more generally an export base that shows lack of dynamism. Opening up and moving toward integration into global value chains could produce efficiency gains and help Brazil address its productivity and competitiveness challenges.

Domestic Value Chain Integration --- Economic Theory & Research --- Emerging Markets --- Exchange Rate Appreciation --- Free Trade --- Global Financial Crisis --- Global Production Networking --- Low Trade Penetration --- Trade Law --- Trade Policy

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Arts education is often said to be a means of developing critical and creative thinking. Arts education has also been argued to enhance performance in non-arts academic subjects such as mathematics, science, reading and writing, and to strengthen students academic motivation, self-confidence, and ability to communicate and co-operate effectively. Arts education thus seems to have a positive impact on the three subsets of skills that we define as "skills for innovation": subject-based skills, including in non-arts subjects; skills in thinking and creativity; and behavioural and social skills.This report examines the state of empirical knowledge about the impact of arts education on these kinds of outcomes. The kinds of arts education examined include arts classes in school (classes in music, visual arts, theatre, and dance), arts-integrated classes (where the arts are taught as a support for an academic subject), and arts study undertaken outside of school (e.g. private music lessons; out-of-school classes in theatre, visual arts, and dance). The report does not deal with education about the arts or cultural education, which may be included in all kinds of subjects

Didactics of the arts --- art appreciation --- kunstopvoeding --- Kunsten --- Kunstzinnige vorming --- Cultuur --- Cultuureducatie --- 611 --- #SBIB:316.7C316 --- #SBIB:316.334.1O340 --- Naslagwerken muziekpedagogiek en didactiek - algemeen onderzoek --- Vormingswerk --- Onderwijs en sociale verandering, onderwijs en samenleving --- Kunst en onderwijs --- Kunst --- Toerisme --- Verbeelding --- Art --- Education --- Study and teaching --- Children --- Education, Primitive --- Education of children --- Human resource development --- Instruction --- Pedagogy --- Schooling --- Students --- Youth --- Civilization --- Learning and scholarship --- Mental discipline --- Schools --- Teaching --- Training --- Art education --- Education, Art --- Art schools --- Analysis, interpretation, appreciation

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35.08 --- Management public Overheidsmanagement --- Productivité Productiviteit --- Appréciation des prestations du personnel Prestatiebeoordeling --- Réforme de l'administration Bestuurshervorming --- Rémunération (fonctionnaires) Bezoldiging (ambtenaren) --- Haute fonction publique Topambtenaren --- AA / International- internationaal --- 332.27 --- 350.0 --- 350.2 --- Loonpolitiek. --- Organisatie van het openbaar bestuur: algemeenheden. --- Overheidspersoneel. --- Law of civil servants --- Personnel management --- Governance --- Loonpolitiek --- Organisatie van het openbaar bestuur: algemeenheden --- Overheidspersoneel

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Latin America's historically low saving rates and sub-par growth performance raise the question of whether the region should save more to grow faster. Economists generally resist acknowledging a policy-exploitable causal connection going from saving to growth because domestic saving is perceived to be fully endogenous, optimally determined, or fully substitutable by foreign saving. However, to the extent that these three assumptions do not hold, three channels can be established through which higher domestic saving-by curbing persistent current account deficits-can promote medium-term growth. The channels are first, a real interest rate channel, whereby higher saving reduces the cost of capital and enhances macro sustainability; second, a real exchange rate channel, through which higher saving leads to a more competitive real exchange rate; and third, an endogenous saving channel, whereby saving follows growth and, hence, subsequently compounds the effect of the first two channels. Econometric evidence supports all three channels and suggests that the lower-saving countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, especially those with recurrently weak balance of payments and persistent domestic demand pressures on the non-tradable sector, would benefit the most from boosting their saving rates.

Access to finance --- Currencies and exchange rates --- Current account deficits --- Debt markets --- Economic theory & research --- Emerging markets --- Exchange rate appreciation or depreciation --- Finance and financial sector development --- Growth --- Macroeconomics and economic growth --- Private sector development --- Real exchange rate determination --- Saving --- Sovereign risk premium