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Wheat trade --- Chicago (Ill.)

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The objective of this study is to provide an updated overview on the performance of cereal markets in Ethiopia. Specifically, the study seeks to inform and guide project operations for the Government of Ethiopia (GoE) and the World Bank. First, it aims to inform the government about incentives concerning grain storage before the GoE makes more public investments in storage facilities at the cooperative and union levels. Second, both the GoE and the World Bank need a better understanding of cereal market performance, including the constraints for private sector investment in storage facilities. Further, to respond to increasing demand from the government for more food-based (nonmarket) interventions to provide access to food to the poor instead of market-based (cash or voucher transfers), the PSNP program will need to be better informed about the level and extent of cereal market integration. The report is organized as follows: section two provides an overview of the maize and wheat subsectors. It also summarizes key observations about maize and wheat value chain performance based on a field survey. Section three details the conceptual framework and the empirical strategy to assess the maize and wheat markets performance. Section three presents the empirical model. Section four discusses data and section five presents the empirical results. Finally, the conclusions and policy implications are discussed in section six.

Agricultural Knowledge and Information Systems --- Agricultural Productivity --- Agricultural Sector Economics --- Agricultural Trade --- Agriculture --- Maize --- Marketing --- Wheat

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Robert B. Zoellick noted that the World Bank release of the Food Price Watch underscores the need for the G20 to put food first. The key driver behind the upward spiral in the food price index has been sharp rises in the prices of wheat, maize, sugar and oils. Global food price hikes have pushed about 44 million people into extreme poverty. He called for global action to turn things around-help for small holder farmers, with seeds and fertilizer; better weather forecasting; better means to get produce to markets; food and effective safety nets for the most vulnerable people. We need to do a better job of feeding the hungry today before we face the future challenges of feeding the expected nine billion people in the world in 2050.

Agriculture --- Developing Countries --- Food Security --- Maize --- Price Fixing --- Rice --- Sugar --- Transparency --- Wheat

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'Geopolitics and the Green Revolution' explores why four different countries (USA, India, Britain and Mexico) each sought to develop high-yielding wheat production. National security concerns and management of foreign exchange were prime motivators of the new technologies, a relationship that has not been previously developed in studies of agricultural modernization. Future reform efforts in agriculture will be affected by this history.

International relations. Foreign policy --- World history --- anno 1900-1999 --- Blé --- Blé--Commerce --- Breadstuffs --- Cold War --- Commerce du blé --- Cultivated wheats --- Green Revolution --- Groene Revolutie --- Guerre froide --- Koude oorlog --- National security --- Nationale veiligheid --- Oorlog [Koude ] --- Revolution [Green ] --- Révolution verte --- Security [National ] --- Spring wheat --- Sécurité nationale --- Tarwe --- Tarwehandel --- Triticum --- Triticum aestivum --- Triticum sativum --- Triticum vulgare --- Veiligheid [Nationale ] --- Wheat --- Wheat trade --- Wheats [Cultivated ] --- Cold War. --- Green Revolution. --- National security. --- Wheat. --- Wheat - Breeding. --- Wheat trade. --- Plant Sciences --- Agriculture --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Breeding --- Government policy --- Government policy. --- Breeding. --- Wheats, Cultivated --- Wheat industry --- National security policy --- NSP (National security policy) --- Security policy, National --- Revolution, Green --- Grasses --- Grain trade --- Economic policy --- International relations --- Military policy --- Agricultural innovations --- Agriculture and state --- Food supply --- Grain --- World politics --- Breeding, --- Breeding&delete& --- E-books --- Kweken --- Wheat - Breeding - Government policy.

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The authors use the unique experimental design of the Food Support Program (Programa Apoyo Alimentario) to analyze in-kind and cash transfers in the poor rural areas of southern states of Mexico. They compare the impacts of monthly in-kind and cash transfers of equivalent value (mean share 11.5 percent of pre-program consumption) on household welfare as measured by food and total consumption, adult labor supply, and poverty. The results show that approximately two years later the transfer has a large and positive impact on total and food consumption. There are no differences in the size of the effect of transfer in cash versus transfers in-kind on consumption. The transfer, irrespective of type, does not affect overall participation in labor market activities but induces beneficiary households to switch their labor allocation from agricultural to nonagricultural activities. The analysis finds that the program leads to a significant reduction in poverty. Overall, the findings suggest that the Food Support Program intervention is able to relax the binding liquidity constraints faced by poor agricultural households, and thus increases both equity and efficiency.

Agricultural activities --- Corn --- Food and Beverage Industry --- Food consumption --- Food stamps --- Food transfers --- Foods --- Fruits --- Industry --- Poverty Lines --- Poverty Reduction --- Rice --- Rural Development --- Rural Poverty Reduction --- Vegetables --- Wheat