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The working group on Sustainable Consumption and Production, under the Nordic Council of Ministers requested consultants from Gaia to identify and write out best Nordic practice cases of sustainable consumption and production to be shared internationally within the UNEP SCP Clearinghouse. This report is the second part and covers in total 19 examples of two particular themes on: 1) Sustainable Tourism 2) Consumer Information The cases have also been added into the UNEP's 10 Year Frame-work Program (10YFP) information platform, the SCP Clearinghouse. The objective is to enhance international cooperation in order to accelerate a shift towards sustainable consumption and production in developed and developing countries. The SCP Clearinghouse is a web-based information sharing tool, which can be used by different actors as an inspiration for advancing SCP worldwide.
Scandinavia --- Social conditions. --- Sustainable development --- Consumption (Economics) --- Environmental education --- Government purchasing --- Environmental aspects --- United Nations Environment Programme. --- E-books --- Consumer demand --- Consumer spending --- Consumerism --- Spending, Consumer --- Demand (Economic theory) --- Development, Sustainable --- Ecologically sustainable development --- Economic development, Sustainable --- Economic sustainability --- ESD (Ecologically sustainable development) --- Smart growth --- Sustainable economic development --- Economic development --- Education --- Government procurement --- Procurement, Government --- Public procurement --- Public purchasing --- Purchasing --- United Nations environment programme --- United Nations. Environment programme --- Verenigde Naties. Milieuprogramma --- Sustainable living --- Sustainable tourism --- Europe, Northern --- Sustainable living. --- Ecological living --- Green living --- Living, Sustainable --- Alternative lifestyles --- Environmentalism --- Green movement --- Green tourism --- Tourism --- Northern Europe
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The UNEP Global Environment Outlook (GEO) project was initiated in response to the environmental reporting requirements of Agenda 21 and to a UNEP Governing Council decision of May 1995 which requested the production of a comprehensive global state of the environment report.
Environmental policy --- Environmental responsibility --- Environmental policy. --- Environmental responsibility. --- United Nations Environment Programme --- United Nations Environment Programme. --- Leefmilieu --- AA / International- internationaal --- 338.013 --- 351.2 --- 355 --- economie, internationaal --- economische groei --- economische indicatoren --- milieuproblematiek --- noord-zuiddialoog --- ontwikkelingslanden --- politiek, internationaal --- prognoses wereldeconomie --- statistiek --- Environnement --- Belang, verdeling en beleid van de natuurlijke rijkdommen. Grondstoffen. --- Openbare gezondheid. Milieubescherming. Milieuvervuiling. --- Milieu --- Belang, verdeling en beleid van de natuurlijke rijkdommen. Grondstoffen --- Openbare gezondheid. Milieubescherming. Milieuvervuiling --- ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT --- WORLD --- ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY --- ENVIRONMENT --- REPORTS
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Forestry --- Economic geography --- Global Environment Facility. --- GEF (Organization) --- United Nations Development Programme. --- United Nations Environment Programme. --- World Bank. --- Fonds pour l'environnement mondial --- FEM (Organization) --- Fondo para el Medio Ambiente Mundial --- FMAM (Organization) --- Global Environmental Facility --- Global Environment Facility Project --- Глобальный экологический фонд --- Globalʹnyĭ ėkologicheskiĭ fond --- Fundo para o Meio Ambiente Mundial --- مرفق البيئة العالمي --- UNDP/GEF (Organization) --- United Nations Development Programme/Global Environment Facility --- United Nations Development Programme --- United Nations Environment Programme --- World Bank --- Forest conservation. --- Forest policy. --- Forestry projects. --- Forests and forestry --- Economic aspects. --- Forest economics --- Forest production --- Forestry economics --- Development projects, Forestry --- Forestry development projects --- Projects, Forestry --- Agricultural development projects --- Forest management --- Forest resource policy --- State and forestry --- Economic policy --- Conservation of forests --- Forest preservation --- Preservation of forests --- Nature conservation --- Deforestation --- Government policy --- Conservation --- Control
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This report is the outcome of assessment and is intended as an advisory note to the Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) and Guyana Rice Development Board (GRDB) to enable them to identify a strategy and potential public investments to improve current risk-management practices in the rice supply chain. This report identifies the major risks facing the rice supply chain, ranks them in terms of their potential impact and frequency, and offers a framework for improving current risk-management practices. The recommendations and findings will provide a basis for follow-up planning work by the Government of Guyana (GoG), the World Bank, and other development partners. The findings and analysis of this initial assessment are based on a methodology designed by the Agricultural Risk Management Team (ARMT) for assessing risks in agricultural supply chains. This report provides an indicative list of potential solutions to address the dominant risks in the rice supply chain; however, the assessment or evaluation of the individual solutions was beyond the scope of this exercise. To ensure the greatest return on future public investments in implementing risk management solutions, GRDB and MoA need to undertake an exhaustive cost-benefit assessment of different options. This will enable MoA to identify and implement the necessary activities to reduce the vulnerability of the rice supply chain in Guyana.
Accounting --- Agricultural Sector --- Agriculture --- Capacity Building --- Chemicals --- Climate --- Climate Change --- Cooperatives --- Crop Diversification --- Crops --- Crops & Crop Management Systems --- Drainage --- Economics --- Employment --- Farm Size --- Farming --- Fertilizer --- Food Security --- Global Value Chains and Business Clustering --- Insurance --- Labor Costs --- Labor Policies --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Private Sector Development --- Productivity --- Rice --- Risk Assessment --- Rural Development --- Rural Services and Infrastructure --- Social Protections and Labor --- Sugar --- United Nations Environment Programme --- Water Supply --- Weeds
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This report was prepared by Investment Climate Facility (ICF) international with direction from World Bank's Montreal protocol unit and the project team. While Montreal protocol has achieved remarkable success in reducing production and consumption of ozone depleting substances (ODS) worldwide, a significant amount of ODS still remains in equipments, products, and stockpiles. This report finds that significant opportunity exists for destroying ODS through the voluntary carbon market. The high global warming potential (GWP) of ODS means that their destruction has the ability to generate significant volumes of carbon credits, which could then be sold in the voluntary carbon market. Using the voluntary market is likely a win-win opportunity; incentives are created for the recovery and destruction of ODS through the carbon credits that can be earned, and the buyers pay for real and verifiable emission reductions from the destruction of ODS that would have otherwise been emitted.
Carbon Credits --- Carbon Dioxide --- Carbon Emissions --- Carbon Finance --- Carbon Policy and Trading --- Clean Air --- Climate --- Climate Change --- Climate Change Economics --- Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases --- Electricity --- Emission Reductions --- Emissions --- Environment --- Environmental Economics & Policies --- Feasibility --- Global Environment Facility --- Global Warming --- Greenhouse Gases --- Hazardous Waste --- International Financial Institutions --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Methane --- Montreal Protocol --- Penalties --- Power Sector --- Refrigerators --- Supply Side --- Surplus --- Transaction Costs --- United Nations Environment Programme
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In Africa, urban outdoor air pollution is responsible for an estimated 49,000 premature deaths annually with indoor use of solid fuels being responsible for eight times this value, the main burden being borne by Sub Saharan African countries. Air pollution, outdoor and indoor, affects the health and life chances of millions of people in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA)every day. There is a link between air pollution and poverty since poor people are exposed to higher concentrations of air pollutants and tend to suffer disproportionately from the effects of deteriorating air quality (AQ). Children in cities exposed to high concentrations of air pollutants will more often develop respiratory ailments which prevent them from developing and learning well. As a consequence they will suffer in adult life from low levels of qualifications and skills. The implication of poorly educated children is not only a reduction of quality of their lives but also an obstacle for the economic development of a country as a whole. Rapid urbanization means increase in motorization and economic activity which in turn leads to increased air pollution if countermeasures are not taken. In view these linkages addressing urban AQ in SSA is particularly important. Air pollution in Sub Saharan cities appears to be on the rise with respect to many key pollutants. In some cities where monitoring has been performed levels of air pollution exceed World Health Organization recommended guidelines. The main cause of urban air pollution is the use of fossil fuels in transport, power generation, industry and domestic sectors. In addition, the burning of firewood, agricultural and animal waste also contributes to pollution levels. Pollutant emissions have direct and indirect effects with a wide range of impacts on human health, ecosystems, agriculture and materials. There is a growing need to determine the state of urban AQ and the challenges posed to solve it and identify the most effective measures to protect human health and the environment. Learning from experience and successes in urban AQ management (AQM) from other countries can assists in the formulation and implementation of strategies to achieve better AQ in Sub Saharan Africa. This report compiles the information provided by the 25countries in a harmonized way and gives an in-depth review of AQ in SSA with AQ profile of each country, presenting the country's main current urban AQ issues, emissions standards, ongoing projects, lessons learned from good/bad practices. It was attempted to compile this information also for additional SSA countries from available publications and internet sources.
Aerosols --- Air Pollution --- Air Quality --- Air Quality & Clean Air --- Audits --- Automobiles --- Clean Air --- Climate --- Climate Change --- Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases --- Coal --- Cost-Benefit analysis --- Desertification --- Developed Countries --- Economic Development --- Emissions --- Energy Consumption --- Energy Production --- Environment --- Environmental Economics & Policies --- Fossil Fuels --- Fuels --- Greenhouse Gases --- Industrial Emissions --- Landfills --- Methane --- Montreal Protocol --- Nitrogen Dioxide --- Ozone Depletion --- Particulate Matter --- Pesticides --- Petroleum Products --- Population Growth --- Power Plants --- Precipitation --- Public Health --- Roads --- Stationary Sources --- Temperature --- Transparency --- Transport --- United Nations Environment Programme --- Urban Areas --- Urban Development --- Urban Environment --- Vehicle Emissions --- Vehicles --- Waste Management --- World Health Organization
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This book critically examines global economic institutions. It presents an accessible fluid history of globalization and explains how global public goods should be defined and how global economic institutions work. It also looks at the effect that major organizations - including the WTO, IMF and UNEP - have on areas such as finance, the environment and transport. The beauty of Global Economic Institutions lies in its unique approach and the author's ability to explain complicated economic and political systems and terms with commendable clarity and style. Students and academics intere
International trade agencies --- Financial institutions, International --- International agencies --- International organization --- Globalization --- Evaluation. --- Economic aspects. --- Environmental aspects. --- World Trade Organization. --- International Monetary Fund. --- United Nations Environment Programme. --- Social costs. Social benefits --- International finance --- International economic relations --- AA / International- internationaal --- 334.10 --- 333.160 --- 333.432.8 --- 334.81 --- Algemene economie : algemeenheden. --- Internationale financiële instellingen: algemeen. --- Internationale monetaire organisatie. Internationaal Muntfonds. Algemene leningovereenkomsten. --- Wereldhandelsorganisatie (WHO). Algemene overeenkomst voor handel en tarieven (GATT). --- Federation, International --- Global governance --- Interdependence of nations --- International administration --- International federation --- Organization, International --- World federation --- World government --- World order --- World organization --- Associations, International --- IGOs (Intergovernmental organizations) --- Institutions, International --- Intergovernmental organizations --- International associations --- International governmental organizations --- International institutions --- International organizations --- International unions --- Organizations, International --- Specialized agencies of the United Nations --- International financial institutions --- United Nations environment programme --- United Nations. Environment programme --- Verenigde Naties. Milieuprogramma --- Internationaal monetair fonds --- International monetary fund --- Biśva Bāṇijya Saṃsthā --- Dėlkhiĭn Khudaldaany Baĭguullaga --- DTÖ --- Dünya Ticaret Örgütü --- Munaẓẓamat al-Tijārah al-ʻĀlamīyah --- O.M.C. --- OMC --- ʻOngkān Kānkhā Lōk --- Organisation mondiale du commerce --- Organização Mundial do Comércio --- Organización Mundial de Comercio --- Organización Mundial del Comercio --- Organizația Mondială de Comerț --- Organizzazione mondiale del commercio --- Organizzazione mondiale per il commercio --- Qaṅgkār Bāṇijjakamm Bibhab Lok --- Sāzmān-i Tijārat-i Jahānī --- Shi jie mao yi zu zhi --- SOT --- Světová obchodní organizace --- Svitova orhanizat︠s︡ii︠a︡ torhivli --- Światowa Organizacja Handlu --- Tổ chức thương mại thế giới --- Viśva Vyapāra Saṅgaṭhana --- Vsemirnai︠a︡ torgovai︠a︡ organizat︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- VTO --- W.T.O. --- Welthandelsorganisation --- World Trade Organisation --- WTO --- منظمة التجارة العالمية --- 世界貿易組織 --- 世界贸易组织 --- Executive departments --- Congresses and conventions --- International relations --- Peace --- Political science --- International cooperation --- Security, International --- World politics --- Interorganizational relations --- Non-state actors (International relations) --- Evaluation --- Economic aspects --- Environmental aspects --- Internationale financiële instellingen: algemeen --- Internationale monetaire organisatie. Internationaal Muntfonds. Algemene leningovereenkomsten --- Algemene economie : algemeenheden --- Wereldhandelsorganisatie (WHO). Algemene overeenkomst voor handel en tarieven (GATT) --- General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (Organization) --- IMF. --- UNEP. --- Inter-governmental organizations
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