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The economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Sub-Saharan Africa has been severe; however, countries are weathering the storm so far. Real GDP is estimated to contract by 2.0 percent in 2020-close to the lower bound of the forecast range in April 2020, and less than the contraction in advanced economies and other emerging markets and developing economies, excluding China. Available data from the second half of 2020 point to rebound in economic activity that explain why the contraction in the region was in the lower bound of the forecasts. It reflected a slower spread of the virus and lower COVID-19-related mortality in the region, strong agricultural growth, and a faster-than-expected recovery in commodity prices. Economic activity in the region is expected to rise to a range between2.3 and 3.4 percent in 2021, depending on the policy measures adopted by countries and the international community. However, prospects for a slow vaccine rollout, the resurgence of pandemic, and limited scope for additional fiscal support, could hold back the recovery in the region. Policies to support the economy in the near term should be complemented by structural reforms that encourage sustained investment, create jobs and enhance competitiveness. Reducing the countries' debt burden will release resources for public investment, in areas such as education, health, and infrastructure. Investments in human capital will help lower the risk of long-lasting damage from the pandemic which may become apparent over the longer term, and can enhance competitiveness and productivity. The next twelve months will be a critical period for leveraging the African Continental Free Trade Area in order to deepen African countries' integration into regional and global value chains. Finally, reforms that address digital infrastructure gaps and make the digital economy more inclusive "ensuring affordability but also building skills for all segments of society, are critical to improve connectivity, boost digital technology adoption, and generate more and better jobs for men and women.

Afrique Subsaharienne --- Commerce --- Commerce Mondial --- COVID-19 --- Croissance Economique --- Impact Sur Le Bien-Etre --- Infrastructure --- Mesures De Redressement --- Metals Exporters --- Monetary Policy --- Oil Sector --- Politique Budgetaire --- Prix Des Produits De Base --- Public Debt --- Vulnerabilite De La Dette

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336.2 --- politique budgetaire --- depenses publiques --- pays de l'ocde --- AA / International- internationaal --- 336.021 --- 336.61 --- 336.020 --- begrotingsbeleid --- overheidsuitgaven --- oeso landen --- Bestuursuitgaven. --- Financieel beleid. --- Omvang, indeling en evolutie van de overheidsuitgaven: algemeenheden. --- Bestuursuitgaven --- Financieel beleid --- Omvang, indeling en evolutie van de overheidsuitgaven: algemeenheden

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Finances publiques --- Openbare financiën --- theories economiques --- politique budgetaire --- AA / International- internationaal --- 336.400 --- Fiscal policy --- Finance, Public --- 336.3 --- Cameralistics --- Public finance --- Currency question --- Tax policy --- Taxation --- Economic policy --- economische theorieen --- begrotingsbeleid --- Begrotingen en rekeningen van de staat:algemene theorie. --- Government policy --- Public finances --- Begrotingen en rekeningen van de staat:algemene theorie --- Politique monétaire --- Politique des dépenses publiques --- Budget --- Modèles économétriques. --- Manuels d'enseignement supérieur.

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This book is an authoritative source of the most up-to-date information on North American, Asian-Pacific and European bond markets. As it is drafted by the OECD debt managers themselves, it provides a unique overview of the best practices on debt management policies and techniques. This overview also focuses on issues and policies in emerging public debt markets. The findings of this study reflect important insights gained from the policy dialogue with the debt managers from emerging markets (including links to financial crises). Details on the trends, background analyses and policies in countries and in regions can be found in various charts, tables, individual country chapters and regional overviews. Finally, key policy issues discussed include the implications of budgetary surpluses, the growing importance of electronic trading systems, trends in the organisation of debt management offices, and the use of derivatives.

dette publique --- politique budgetaire --- pays de l'ocde --- AA / International- internationaal --- 333.631 --- openbare schuld --- begrotingsbeleid --- oeso landen --- Overheidsfondsen. Markt van de overheidsfondsen. --- Debts, Public --- -Bond market --- -336.3435 --- Bond markets --- Market, Bond --- Capital market --- Debts, Government --- Government debts --- National debts --- Public debt --- Public debts --- Sovereign debt --- Debt --- Bonds --- Deficit financing --- Bond market --- Dettes publiques --- Marché obligatoire --- OECD countries --- Pays de l'OCDE --- Overheidsfondsen. Markt van de overheidsfondsen

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Fiscal policy --- Inflation (Finance) --- Politique fiscale --- Inflation --- European Monetary System (Organization) --- politique budgetaire --- concurrence --- deflation --- ume --- rapports --- AA / International- internationaal --- FR / France - Frankrijk --- 331.31 --- 334.151.27 --- 333.841 --- 336.401 --- 380.23 --- begrotingsbeleid --- concurrentie --- deflatie --- emu --- verslagen --- Economisch beleid. --- Europees monetair stelsel. --- Inflatie. --- Verband tussen begrotingspolitiek en economische evolutie. --- Vorming van internationale prijzen. Internationale gelijkheden en verschillen. Concurrentievermogen. --- European Union countries --- France --- Finance --- Natural rate of unemployment --- Economisch beleid --- Inflatie --- Europees monetair stelsel --- Verband tussen begrotingspolitiek en economische evolutie --- Vorming van internationale prijzen. Internationale gelijkheden en verschillen. Concurrentievermogen --- Inflation (Finance) - European Economic Community countries --- Inflation (Finance) - France --- Fiscal policy - France --- Fiscal policy - European Economic Community countries