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Decommissioning of both commercial and R&D nuclear facilities is expected to increase significantly in the coming years, and the largest of such industrial decommissioning projects could command considerable budgets. It is important to understand the costs of decommissioning projects in order to develop realistic cost estimates as early as possible based on preliminary decommissioning plans, but also to develop funding mechanisms to ensure that future decommissioning expenses can be adequately covered. Sound financial provisions need to be accumulated early on to reduce the potential risk for residual, unfunded liabilities and the burden on future generations, while ensuring environmental protection. Decommissioning planning can be subject to considerable uncertainties, particularly in relation to potential changes in financial markets, in energy policies or in the conditions and requirements for decommissioning individual nuclear installations, and such uncertainties need to be reflected in regularly updated cost estimates. This booklet offers a useful overview of the relevant aspects of financing the decommissioning of nuclear facilities. It provides information on cost estimation for decommissioning, as well as details about funding mechanisms and the management of funds based on current practice in NEA member countries.
Nuclear facilities --- Decommissioning. --- Decommissioning of nuclear facilities
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Nuclear facilities --- Decommissioning. --- Decommissioning of nuclear facilities
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Nuclear energy --- Nuclear facilities --- Nuclear facilities --- Nuclear facilities --- Nuclear facilities --- Law and legislation --- Decommissioning --- Government policy --- Decommissioning --- Law and legislation --- Decommissioning --- Costs --- Decommissioning --- Safety measures
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Following the 2011 accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, several high-priority actions were initiated by the NEA to address certain technical issues at nuclear power plants. One of these actions was to prepare a status report on spent fuel pools (SFPs) under loss-of-cooling and loss-of-coolant accident conditions, which was issued in 2015, providing an overview of both SFP accidents and mitigation strategies. The present report is a follow up to this status report, documenting the results of a Phenomena Identification and Ranking Table (PIRT) exercise conducted by the NEA. This PIRT exercise identified SFP accident phenomena that are of high importance and yet are highly uncertain, thus highlighting their primary interest for further studies. The report recommends further support for existing experimental programmes and the establishment of a number of new programmes to focus, for example, on large-scale thermal-hydraulic experiments on the coolability of partly or completely uncovered spent-fuel assemblies and the investigation of spray cooling for uncovered spent-fuel assemblies in typical storage racks.
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One of the many important lessons learnt about nuclear safety over the years has been that human aspects of nuclear safety are as important as any technical issue that may arise in the course of nuclear operations. The international nuclear community can work together to identify and address issues associated with components and systems and compare operational experiences, but identifying how human behaviour affects safety and the best approaches to examine this behaviour from country to country remains less common. Practical experience has nevertheless shown that there are important differences in how people work together and communicate across borders. People's behaviours, attitudes and values do not stop at the gate of a nuclear installation, and awareness of the systemic nature of culture and its deeper aspects, such as the dynamics of how values and assumptions influence behaviours, continues to evolve. The NEA safety culture forum was created to gain a better understanding of how the national context affects safety culture in a given country and how operators and regulators perceive these effects in their day-to-day activities. The ultimate goal is to ensure safe nuclear operations. The first NEA safety culture forum - a collaborative effort between the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA), the World Association of Nuclear Operators (WANO) and the Swedish Radiation Safety Authority (SSM) - was held in Sweden in early 2018. This report outlines the process used to conduct the forum, reveals findings from the discussions and invites the nuclear community to further reflect and take action.
Nuclear power plants --- Nuclear energy --- Nuclear facilities --- Nuclear facilities --- Safety measures. --- Safety measures. --- Safety measures. --- Safety measures.
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As modern nuclear power programmes mature and large, commercial nuclear power plants and fuel cycle facilities approach the end of their useful life by reason of age, economics or change of policy on the use of nuclear power, new challenges associated with decommissioning and dismantling come to the fore. Politicians and the public may expect there to be a “right answer” to the choice of strategy for a particular type of facility, or even all facilities. Both this seminar and wider experience show that this is not the case. Local factors and national political positions have a significant input and often result in widely differing strategy approaches to broadly similar decommissioning projects. All facility owners represented at the seminar were able to demonstrate a rational process for strategy selection and compelling arguments for the choices made. In addition to the papers that were presented, these proceedings include a summary of the discussions that took place.
Nuclear facilities. --- Nuclear facilities --- Nuclear Engineering --- Mechanical Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Decommissioning --- Atomic facilities --- Facilities, Nuclear --- Nuclear installations --- Nuclear energy --- Nuclear engineering --- Spain --- Installations nucléaires --- Congresses. --- Déclassement --- Congrès
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This publication examines the legislation and regulations governing the peaceful uses of nuclear energy in eastern European countries. It covers 11 countries from Central and Eastern Europe and 12 countries from the New Independent States: Albania Armenia Azerbaijan Belarus Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Czech Republic Estonia Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Georgia HungaryKazakhstanLatviaLithuaniaPolandRepublic of MoldovaRomaniaRussian FederationSlovak RepublicSloveniaUkraineUzbekistan The chapters follow a systematic format making it easier for the reader to carry out research and compare information.
Nuclear energy -- Law and legislation -- Europe, Eastern -- Outlines, syllabi, etc. --- Nuclear energy -- Law and legislation. --- Nuclear facilities -- Law and legislation -- Europe, Eastern -- Outlines, syllabi, etc. --- Nuclear facilities -- Law and legislation. --- Nuclear energy --- Nuclear facilities --- Law - Non-U.S. --- Law, Politics & Government --- Law - Europe, except U.K. --- Law and legislation --- Atomic facilities --- Facilities, Nuclear --- Nuclear installations --- Atomic energy --- Atomic power --- Energy, Atomic --- Energy, Nuclear --- Nuclear power --- Power, Atomic --- Power, Nuclear --- Nuclear engineering --- Force and energy --- Nuclear physics --- Power resources --- Nuclear power plants
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This publication examines the legislation and regulations governing the peaceful uses of nuclear energy in eastern European countries. It covers 11 countries from Central and Eastern Europe and 11 countries from the New Independent States.
Nuclear energy -- Law and legislation -- Europe, Eastern -- Outlines, syllabi, etc. --- Nuclear energy -- Law and legislation -- Europe, Eastern. --- Nuclear facilities -- Law and legislation -- Europe, Eastern -- Outlines, syllabi, etc. --- Nuclear facilities -- Law and legislation -- Europe, Eastern. --- Nuclear energy --- Nuclear facilities --- Law and legislation --- Atomic facilities --- Facilities, Nuclear --- Nuclear installations --- Nuclear engineering --- Atomic energy --- Atomic power --- Energy, Atomic --- Energy, Nuclear --- Nuclear power --- Power, Atomic --- Power, Nuclear --- Force and energy --- Nuclear physics --- Power resources --- Nuclear power plants
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Hydrogen has the potential to play an important role as a sustainable and environmentally acceptable source of energy in the 21st century. Present methods for producing hydrogen are mainly based on the reforming of fossil fuels with subsequent release of greenhouse gases. To avoid producing greenhouse gases, the possibility to use heat and surplus electricity from nuclear power plants to produce hydrogen by water cracking is being investigated. This report presents the state of the art in the nuclear production of hydrogen and describes the scientific and technical challenges associated with it.
Hydrogen as fuel. --- Nuclear power plants --- Hydrogen --- By-products --- Research. --- Nonmetals --- Atomic power plants --- Nuclear power stations --- Nuclear facilities --- Power-plants --- Antinuclear movement --- Nuclear energy --- Hydrogen energy --- Fuel
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