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Since the discovery and exploitation of minerals like gold, diamond and copper in South Africa, Zimbabwe and Zambia in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Malawi has played the role of a labour supplier. Malawians were attracted by the relatively higher wages obtaining in the South African mines up to the period of the decline in mine migrancy at the end of the 1980s. Following this decline, a cross-section of Malawians continued to emigrate to South Africa to seek various jobs in the burgeoning informal sector and also for trade purposes. Migration from Malawi to South Africa sheds light on the problems that labour migrants and traders encounter as they are 'toing' and 'froing' between Malawi and South Africa in pursuit of their respective goals. It shows that migration, which initially was exclusively done for wage employment, is becoming more complex by the day. This is a result of the infusion of elements of commercial migration, smuggling and human trafficking. The book advances the argument that the numbers of migrants to South Africa increased in the post-1994 period partly as a result of mal-administration by the successive democratically-elected governments in Malawi. This development weakened Malawi's otherwise promising economy and impoverished the rural masses. The book 'sees' forlorn hope in the future of labour migrants and traders, unless the Malawi Government starts to genuinely have the welfare of the populace at heart! The book is relevant and accessible to policy-makers, university and college students interested in migration studies, general readers and migrants, themselves

Malawians --- Foreign workers, Malawi --- Migrant labor --- Ethnology --- Labor, Migrant --- Migrant workers --- Migrants (Migrant labor) --- Migratory workers --- Transient labor --- Employees --- Casual labor --- Social conditions. --- South Africa --- Africa, South --- Emigration and immigration. --- Foreign workers --- Alien labor --- Aliens --- Foreign labor --- Guest workers --- Guestworkers --- Immigrant labor --- Immigrant workers --- Migrant labor (Foreign workers) --- Migrant workers (Foreign workers) --- Social conditions --- Employment --- E-books --- Noncitizen labor --- Noncitizens

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Recent reforms have put Germany among the OECD countries with the fewest restrictions on labour migration for highly-skilled occupations, yet inflows continue to be relatively low. As labour migration is supposed to be one means to help meet future labour and skill shortages caused by a shrinking working-age population, this book addresses the question of how to ensure that international recruitment can help meet urgent needs in the labour market which cannot be met locally. The review examines key issues in the design of the German labour migration system, on the demand side and on the supply side. German employers can recruit from abroad for any job requiring university-level qualifications. Yet even employers declaring shortages have not done so, in part, due to their insistence on German-language skills and specific qualifications, and in part to a perception that international recruitment is complex and unreliable. While the process could be made more transparent, its negative reputation is unjustified. International students appear well positioned to meet employer concerns, but Germany could do more  to promote this channel for labour migration. A large part of the demand is also expected in skilled occupations requiring non-tertiary vocational training, but here, channels remain more restrictive. To address anticipated shortages in these occupations, more should be done to recruit into the dual system, and Germany’s new recognition framework could contribute to open new channels.

Social Issues/Migration/Health --- Employment --- Business & Economics --- Labor & Workers' Economics --- Germany --- Foreign workers --- Alien labor --- Aliens --- Foreign labor --- Guest workers --- Guestworkers --- Immigrant labor --- Immigrant workers --- Migrant labor (Foreign workers) --- Migrant workers (Foreign workers) --- Employees --- Noncitizen labor --- Noncitizens

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Éditorial Résumé Chapitre 1. Tendances récentes des migrations internationales - flux et politiques -Introduction -Tendances récentes des migrations internationales -Politiques migratoires -Références -Annexe 1.A1. Évolution des flux d'immigration par pays d'origine Chapitre 2. Évolution du marché du travail et politiques d'intégration dans les pays de l'OCDE -Introduction -Principales conclusions -Évolution sur le marché du travail -Politique d'intégration -Références -Annexe 2.A1. Taux d'emploi, de chômage et de participation par sexe et lieu de naissance dans quelques pays de l'OCDE, 2008-12 -Annexe 2.A2. Risque de chômage de long terme pour différents groupes démographiques selon le lieu de naissance dans quelques pays de l'OCDE, 2007/08 et 2011/12 -Annexe 2.A3. Écarts entre l'emploi et le chômage des autochtones et des immigrés au cours de la dernière décennie dans quelques pays de l'OCDE, 2002-12 -Annexe 2.A4. Emploi des personnes nées à l'étranger par secteur d'activité -Annexe 2.A5. Nouvelles embauches Chapitre 3. L'impact fiscal de l'immigration dans les pays de l'OCDE -Introduction -Mesurer l'impact budgétaire de l'immigration : vue d'ensemble -Analyse comparative de l'impact fiscal de l'immigration dans les pays de l'OCDE -Conclusion -Références -Annexe 3.A1. Tableaux et graphiques supplémentaires -Annexe 3.A2. Analyse de sensibilité -Annexe 3.A3. Annexe technique -Chapitre 4. Discrimination envers les immigrés - mesures, incidence et instruments politiques Introduction -Définition et mesure -Réponses politiques : quelles sont les mesures qui fonctionnent contre la discrimination ? -Conclusions -Références Chapitre 5. Notes par pays : développements récents des mouvements et des politiques migratoires -Allemagne -Australie -Autriche -Belgique -Bulgarie -Canada -Chili -Corée -Danemark -Espagne -Estonie -États-Unis -Fédération de Russie -Finlande -France -Grèce -Hongrie -Irlande -Israël -Italie -Japon -Lettonie -Lituanie -Luxembourg -Mexique -Norvège -Nouvelle-Zélande -Pays-Bas -Pologne -Portugal -République slovaque -République tchèque -Roumanie -Royaume-Uni -Slovénie -Suède -Suisse -Turquie -Notes et sources des tableaux du chapitre 5 Annexe statistique -Introduction -Remarques générales -Entrées et sorties de personnes étrangères -Entrées de demandeurs d'asile -Effectifs de personnes étrangères ou nées à l'étranger -Acquisitions de la nationalité Liste des membres du groupe d'experts sur les migrations de l'OCDE Liste des membres du Secrétariat de l'OCDE impliqués dans cette publication.

Emigration and immigration. --- Foreign workers. --- Alien labor --- Foreign labor --- Guest workers --- Guestworkers --- Immigrant labor --- Immigrant workers --- Migrant labor (Foreign workers) --- Migrant workers (Foreign workers) --- Noncitizen labor --- Noncitizens --- Employees --- Immigration --- International migration --- Migration, International --- Population geography --- Assimilation (Sociology) --- Colonization --- Employment

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Norway is characterised by very high levels of migration from within the European Economic Area (EEA) and growing but small scale labour migration from countries outside the EEA. In this context, the challenge for managing discretionary labour migration is to ensure it complements EEA flows. High-skilled workers who come to Norway often leave, even if their employer would like to keep them. Norway has many international students, but most appear to leave at graduation or in the years that follow. The spouses of skilled migrants – usually educated and talented themselves – face challenges in finding employment, and this may cause the whole family to leave. Key industries in smaller population centres wonder how they will source talent in the future. This review examines these aspects of the Norwegian labour migration system. It considers the efficiency of procedures and whether the system is capable of meeting demand. It looks at several policy measures that were implemented and withdrawn, and assesses how these and other mechanisms could be better applied. The characteristics and behaviour of past labour migrants is examined to suggest means of encouraging promising immigrants to remain, and how Norway might attract the specific labour migrants from which it can most benefit in the future.

Foreign workers --- Government policy --- Alien labor --- Aliens --- Foreign labor --- Guest workers --- Guestworkers --- Immigrant labor --- Immigrant workers --- Migrant labor (Foreign workers) --- Migrant workers (Foreign workers) --- Employees --- Employment --- Norway --- Noncitizen labor --- Noncitizens

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This study adopts a comparative perspective and provides a detailed analysis of the core issues in relation to India, the Philippines and Sri Lanka, three major labour-sending counties. The conceptual framework of the study presumes that migration management in countries of origin consists of three domains: regulation and (in certain countries) promotion of labour migration and support services; administrative structures; and financing.

E-books --- Foreign workers --- Government policy --- Alien labor --- Aliens --- Foreign labor --- Guest workers --- Guestworkers --- Immigrant labor --- Immigrant workers --- Migrant labor (Foreign workers) --- Migrant workers (Foreign workers) --- Employees --- Government policy. --- Employment --- Noncitizen labor --- Noncitizens