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Manufacturing industries

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Managers are continually faced with new challenges and dilemmas. Getting the balance right is never straightforward, however. We are always having to find the right point of equilibrium between leading and managing, the short and long term, the individual and the team, activity and reflection, and being resolute and adaptable.

Lean manufacturing -- Management. --- Lean manufacturing. --- Leadership.

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Power shortages present a significant challenge to manufacturers, who rely on power as a key input to production. In Pakistan, power shortages are commonplace, but empirical evidence on the impact of shortages is still lacking. Using a survey of 4,500 manufacturing firms for the year 2010-11, this paper estimates the impact of electricity shortages on firm productivity in Pakistan. The analysis finds that a 10 percent increase in the duration of outages on average leads to a 0.14 percent decrease in a firm's total revenue and a 0.36 percent decrease in the value added, all else being equal. There is heterogeneity in the impacts of shortages across sectors: the industries that are most energy-intensive, such as manufacturers of metal, wood, and paper, are affected the most severely by shortages.

Electricity Shortages --- Manufacturing Productivity

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This issue of the IMF Research Perspective looks at the inter-connectedness of the world economic system and how diverse shocks can affect global supply chains. The articles in this issue track the way COVID-19 triggered disruptions in the supply chain and explains why trade networks are so difficult to disentangle. However, the pandemic is not the only event affecting global supply chains; cross-border spillovers of technology wars and natural disasters are other factors to consider. The overarching message from these articles is clear: there is a need for international cooperation to deal with the consequences of these shocks-whether it is ending the COVID-19 pandemic or mitigating climate change.

Flexible manufacturing systems

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Capital investments --- Manufacturing industries