Listing 1 - 9 of 9 |
Sort by
|
Choose an application
Nur wenige Länder können einen so starken Effekt auf die Energiepolitik in Europa ausüben wie Deutschland. Auf Grund ihrer Größe und strategischen Lage spielt die Bundesrepublik eine entscheidende Rolle auf den Energiemärkten der Region, weshalb eine vernünftige Energiepolitik und starke Energiemarktgestaltung unerlässlich sind. Diesbezüglich macht die Bundesrepublik weiterhin bemerkenswerte Fortschritte. Sie hat die Reform ihrer Strom- und Erdgasmärkte fortgesetzt, einen Zeitplan für die Beendigung der Kohlesubventionen aufgestellt, ist im Begriff, wichtige Klima- und Umweltziele zu erfüllen und hat die Themenkreise Energie, Effizienz und Umwelt im Rahmen ihres EU-Ratsvorsitzes und ihrer G8-Präsidentschaft ganz oben auf die weltpolitische Agenda gestellt. Die Internationale Energie-Agentur (IEA) begrüßt diese Anstrengungen. Gleichwohl bleibt noch einiges zu tun, um Deutschlands Energiepolitiken und -märkte weiter zu verbessern. Der geplante Ausstieg aus der Kernenergie in den kommenden Jahren hätte erhebliche Auswirkungen auf den Energiemix des Landes und gibt daher Anlass zu Besorgnis in Bezug auf Versorgungssicherheit, Wirtschaftlichkeit und Umweltverträglichkeit, für Deutschland ebenso wie für Europa insgesamt. Und auch wenn bereits Fortschritte erzielt wurden, muss doch mehr getan werden, um wirklich gleiche Bedingungen für alle Marktteilnehmer und damit die Voraussetzung für die Entwicklung von Wettbewerb auf den Strom- und Gasmärkten zu schaffen. Dazu bedarf es einer effektiven Trennung der Netzaktivitäten und starker Befugnisse für die Regulierungsbehörden. Die Umweltpolitik des Landes schließlich fördert zwar die Erfüllung ehrgeiziger Zielvorgaben, ist jedoch mit hohen Kosten verbunden – und gelegentlich geraten Maßnahmen in verschiedenen Politikbereichen miteinander in Konflikt. Diese Veröffentlichung befasst sich eingehend mit den energiepolitischen Herausforderungen, vor denen Deutschland steht, was durch eine kritische Analyse anhand von Vergleichen mit nachahmenswerten Beispielen aus anderen IEA-Ländern und Empfehlungen zur Verbesserung der Politik ergänzt wird. Damit soll Deutschland der Weg in eine nachhaltige Energiezukunft aufgezeigt werden.
Energy --- Business & Economics --- Industries --- Germany --- International Energy Agency. --- IEA --- OECD. International Energy Agency --- International energy agency --- Internationaal Energieagentschap
Choose an application
Volume I of this History surveys at some length the institutional origins of the International Energy Agency in the 1973-1974 oil crisis, and examines the 1974 I.E.P. Agreement and other oil consumer actions which established the Agency as an operational intergovernmental institution. Volume I also considers the most important IEA relationships, the internal structure of the Agency, and the institutional arrangements which enabled the Agency to develop over the years into an effective instrument for energy policy co-operation among its Members.
Energy development --- Energy policy --- Energie --- Politique énergétique --- Développement --- International Energy Agency --- 620.9 --- -Energy development --- -Energy Industries --- -AA / International- internationaal --- 338.012 --- 334.13 --- Industries --- Power resources --- Energy resources development --- Energy source development --- Power resources development --- Energy and state --- State and energy --- Industrial policy --- Energy conservation --- Economics of energy in general --- International cooperation --- Security measures --- Energie (productiefactor). --- OESO. --- Government policy --- International energy agency. --- Agence internationale de l'énergie --- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. --- I.E.A. (International Energy Agency) --- IEA (International Energy Agency) --- AIE (Agence internationale de l'énergie) --- 620.9 Economics of energy in general --- IEA --- OECD. International Energy Agency --- Politique énergétique --- Développement --- History. --- AA / International- internationaal --- Energy --- International Energy Agency. --- Energie (productiefactor) --- OESO --- International energy agency --- Internationaal Energieagentschap --- -International cooperation
Choose an application
Paul Wolfowitz, President of the World Bank, in the development community, the interaction of energy, environment, and poverty have emerged as a central challenge. Lack of consistent electricity in developing countries is a severe obstacle to doing business. It is also affecting school attendance, particularly among girls. Inefficient energy sources can also pose health problems-as many as 1.6 million deaths per year due to indoor smoke. Rich and poor countries alike need to apply energy-efficient technology to cut greenhouse gas emissions. At the G8 summit in Gleneagles, the World Bank Group was asked to take a leadership role in creating a new framework for clean energy and development, including investment and financing. In the first phase we will propose accelerated investments. In the second phase, we aim to generate new knowledge on technology options and the impact on climate change. Wolfowitz summarized the Bank's ongoing energy spending activities.
Acid Rain --- Carbon Finance --- Clean Energy --- Climate --- Climate Change --- Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases --- Coal --- Cooking --- Electricity --- Emissions --- Energy --- Energy and Environment --- Energy Efficiency --- Energy Policy --- Energy Security --- Environment --- Fuels --- Gross Domestic Product --- Hydropower --- International Energy Agency --- Natural Gas --- Power Plants --- Renewable Energy
Choose an application
Numbers ranging from half a trillion to two trillion dollars have been cited in recent years for global subsidies for fossil fuels. How are these figures calculated and why are they so different? The most commonly used methods for measuring subsidies are the price-gap approach-quantifying the gap between free-market reference prices and the prices charged to consumers-and the inventory approach, which constructs an inventory of government actions benefiting production and consumption of fossil fuels. Practitioners are not faced with two choices. The two methods are complementary and should be used together-price gaps cause distortions throughout the economy and quantification is needed for improving pricing policies; an inventory is useful for examining budgetary allocation. An inventory based on a full accounting framework for producer and consumer support estimates in fact captures price gaps as market transfers to producers or consumers. Differences in subsidy valuation arise from assumptions made to compensate for missing data and the scope of subsidy measurement. Having a common understanding of terms and standardizing calculation methods would go a long way in enabling comparison of subsidies across countries and sectors, benchmarking pricing, and assessing subsidy policies. Subsidy measurement should not be viewed as a one-off exercise to inform subsidy reform strategies. Just as subsidy reform in many countries does not have a clear end but is a continuous process of adjustment, so too is subsidy tracking. Devoting resources to data collection and analysis to track subsidies on a continuous basis can bring rich dividends by increasing transparency and enabling informed decisions.
Coal --- Consumer Support Estimate --- Economic Theory & Research --- Energy Production and Transportation --- Environmental Economics & Policies --- Fossil Fuels --- Gas --- International Energy Agency --- International Monetary Fund --- Inventory --- Markets & Market Access --- OECD --- Oil --- Price Gap --- Producer Support Estimate --- Subsidies --- Total Support Estimate --- Transport Economics Policy and Planning
Choose an application
The rapid growth of Vietnam's economy, industry, and consumption has resulted in unprecedented growth in energy demand, and its infrastructure for extracting, generating, and distributing energy is expanding to try to meet those needs. Between 2000 and 2005, total primary energy consumption in Vietnam grew 10.6 percent per year. Growth in fossil-fuel consumption was correspondingly high, with coal use growing at 14.9 percent per year, oil use at 8.2 percent per year, and natural gas use at 37 percent per year. From 2002 to 2030, Vietnam's primary energy demand is expected to grow at a rate of 4.4 percent, increasing from 42 megatons oil equivalent (MTOE) in 2002 to 142 MTOE in 2030. This note will focus on Vietnam's potential Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions and possible interventions associated with resource extraction and power generation for grid electricity. Emissions from power generation in industry and transport are covered under the respective sector notes, and reduction of greenhouse gases through management of end-use demand is covered in the context of industry (as the largest energy user) in the industry sector note.
Air Pollution --- Carbon Dioxide --- Carbon Finance --- Carbon Policy and Trading --- Climate --- Climate Change --- Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases --- Coal --- Coastal Areas --- Electricity --- Emission Reductions --- Energy --- Energy and Environment --- Energy Efficiency --- Energy Production and Transportation --- Environment --- Environment and Energy Efficiency --- Fossil Fuels --- Geothermal Energy --- Global Warming --- Greenhouse Gases --- Hot Water --- Hydropower --- International Energy Agency --- Methane --- Natural Gas --- Natural Resources --- Petroleum Products --- Power Generation --- Power Plants --- Power Sector --- Renewable Energy --- Solar Energy --- Temperature --- Thermal Power --- Waste --- Wind Energy
Choose an application
Climatic changes --- Global warming --- Energiebeleid. --- Klimaatveranderingen. --- CLIMATE CHANGE. --- CARBON DIOXIDE. --- GREENHOUSE GASES. --- CASE STUDIES. --- Greenhouse gases --- Government policy --- Prevention --- International cooperation --- Government policy. --- International Energy Agency. --- OECD countries. --- Warming, Global --- Changes, Climatic --- Climate change --- Climate changes --- Climate variations --- Climatic change --- Climatic fluctuations --- Climatic variations --- Global climate changes --- Global climatic changes --- Environmental aspects --- OECD member countries --- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries --- Global temperature changes --- Greenhouse effect, Atmospheric --- Climatology --- Climate change mitigation --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- Changes in climate --- Climate change science --- Energy policy. --- Climate changes. --- Climate change. --- Global environmental change
Choose an application
Open fires and primitive stoves have been used for cooking since the beginning of human history. They have come in various sizes and styles, having been adapted to myriad cultures and food preparation methods. As society has progressed, more sophisticated stove models have been developed. Today's modern kitchens reflect the many types of standardized and specialized cooking devices available, from coffee and tea pots to toasters and gas cook tops. But in many developing countries worldwide, the poor still burn biomass energy to meet their household cooking needs. These open fires are fairly inefficient at converting energy into heat for cooking; the amount of biomass fuel needed each year for basic cooking can reach up to two tons per family. In addition, collecting this fuel sometimes can take an hour a day on average. Furthermore, these open fires and primitive cook stoves emit a significant amount of smoke, which fills the home; this indoor cooking smoke has been associated with a number of diseases, the most serious of which are chronic and acute respiratory illnesses, such as bronchitis and pneumonia. This report takes a fresh look at what new approaches might be used to tackle this well known yet complex multi-sector issue. Although there are other ways to reduce household air pollution, including inter fuel substitution and household ventilation, this study focuses mainly on the recently developed biomass cook stoves for developing countries and their financing models and sources. Known by many as 'advanced biomass cook stoves,' these new cook stoves generally have better energy-combustion properties and reduce fuel consumption by about half. Such innovations warrant the development of a more serious program to deal with both the emissions and health issues resulting from cooking with open fires or traditional biomass cook stoves.
Aerosols --- Air Pollution --- Air Quality --- Cancer --- Carbon Dioxide --- Carbon Finance --- Charcoal Production --- Clean Development Mechanism --- Climate --- Climate Change --- Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases --- Coal --- Deforestation --- Developed Countries --- Economics --- Electricity --- Energy --- Energy and Environment --- Energy Consumption --- Energy Efficiency --- Energy Production and Transportation --- Environment --- Environmental Economics & Policies --- Epidemiology --- Expenditures --- Fossil Fuels --- Fuel Prices --- Fuels --- Global Environment Facility --- Global Warming --- Greenhouse Gases --- Health Education --- Health Monitoring & Evaluation --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- International Energy Agency --- Kerosene --- Living Standards --- Marketing --- Methane --- Particulate Matter --- Quality Control --- Quality of Life --- Renewable Energy --- Rural Electrification --- Sugarcane --- Workers
Choose an application
This report synthesizes the findings for the energy sector of a broader study, the Brazil low carbon study, which was undertaken by the World Bank in its initiative to support Brazil's integrated effort towards reducing national and global emissions of greenhouse gases while promoting long term development. The main aim of the study is to examine the potential for abating Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions in Brazil in the energy area and to assess the relative costs of doing so for the time frame 2010-2030. Basically the study seeks to demonstrate by how much, by when and at what cost Brazil could reduce its GHG energy sector emissions. Given its special features, the fuel use and emissions of greenhouse gases in the transportation sector are dealt with in another report of this project. In addition the study aims to provide information for the Brazilian government to enable it to develop a long-term strategy (2030) for reducing carbon in the energy area (except the transport sector) and, more specifically, to provide the technical input needed for evaluating the potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions produced by the key economic sectors. In short, the study seeks to identify the different options and opportunities that could justify possible international resources being allocated to Brazil. The teams involved in the study needed first to focus on the proposed mitigation and carbon sequestering options and then, after identifying these proposals, to focus on existing barriers to the successful deployment of these options and suggest a set of public policies which could be mobilized to overcome them. The study also provides estimates of the scale of investments and operating costs likely to be involved, as well as a mitigation cost curve.
Alternative Energy --- Carbon Credits --- Carbon Dioxide --- Carbon Emissions --- Chemicals --- Clean Air --- Climate --- Climate Change --- Climate Change Economics --- Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases --- Coal --- Deforestation --- Electric Power --- Electricity --- Emission Reductions --- Energy --- Energy and Environment --- Energy Consumption --- Energy Efficiency --- Energy Production --- Energy Production and Transportation --- Energy Supply --- Environment --- Ethanol --- Forests --- Fossil Fuels --- Greenhouse Gases --- Hydro Power --- Hydropower --- International Energy Agency --- Land-Use Change --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Natural Gas --- Oil & Gas --- Power Sector --- Renewable Energy --- Reservoirs --- Solar Energy --- Sugarcane --- Supply Side --- Vehicles --- Waste --- Wind Energy --- Windpower
Choose an application
This strategic framework serves to guide and support the operational response of the World Bank Group (WBG) to new development challenges posed by global climate change. Unabated, climate change threatens to reverse hard-earned development gains. The poorest countries and communities will suffer the earliest and the most. Yet they depend on actions by other nations, developed and developing. While climate change is an added cost and risk to development, a well-designed and implemented global climate policy can also bring new economic opportunities to developing countries. Climate change demands unprecedented global cooperation involving a concerted action by countries at different development stages supported by "measurable, reportable, and verifiable" transfer of finance and technology to developing countries. Trust of developing countries in equity and fairness of a global climate policy and neutrality of the supporting institutions is critical for such cooperation to succeed. Difficulties with mobilizing resources for achieving the millennium development goals and with agreeing on global agricultural trade underscore the political challenges. The framework will help the WBG maintain the effectiveness of its core mission of supporting growth and poverty reduction. While recognizing added costs and risks of climate change and an evolving global climate policy. The WBG top priority will be to build collaborative relations with developing country partners and provide them customized demand-driven support through its various instruments from financing to technical assistance to constructive advocacy. It will give considerable attention to strengthening resilience of economies and communities to increasing climate risks and adaptation. The operational focus will be on improving knowledge and capacity, including learning by doing. The framework will guide operational programs of WBG entities to support actions whose benefits to developing countries are robust under significant uncertainties about future climate policies and impacts-actions that have "no regrets."
Afforestation --- Capital Markets --- Carbon Credits --- Carbon Dioxide --- Carbon Finance --- Clean Energy --- Climate --- Climate Change --- Climate Change and Environment --- Coal --- Coastal Areas --- Credit --- Decision Making --- Deforestation --- Developed Countries --- Economic Development --- Economics --- Ecosystems --- Electricity --- Emissions --- Energy --- Energy and Environment --- Energy Efficiency --- Energy Production and Transportation --- Energy Security --- Energy Supply --- Environment --- Environment and Energy Efficiency --- Environmental Economics & Policies --- Equity --- Food Production --- Forests --- Fossil Fuels --- Gdp --- Geothermal Energy --- Hydropower --- Incentives --- Insurance --- Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change --- International Energy Agency --- Knowledge --- Kyoto Protocol --- Land --- Malaria --- Natural Resources --- Nuclear Power --- Population Growth --- Poverty --- Power Sector --- Productivity --- Rainfall --- Renewable Energy --- Risk --- Risk Management --- Savings --- Securities --- Streams --- Temperature --- Trade --- Vehicles --- Waste --- Water --- Water Use --- Wetlands
Listing 1 - 9 of 9 |
Sort by
|