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This paper explores the relationship between external debt and poverty. A number of observers have argued that high external indebtedness is a major cause of poverty. Using the first-differenced general method of moments (GMM) estimator, the paper models the impact of external debt on poverty, measured by life expectancy, infant mortality, and gross primary enrollment rates, while duly taking into account the impact of external debt on income. The paper thus endeavors to bring together the literature that links external debt with income growth and poverty. The main conclusion is that once the effect of income on poverty has been taken into account, external indebtedness indicators have a limited but important impact on poverty.

Exports and Imports --- Poverty and Homelessness --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- Health: General --- Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty: General --- International economics --- Health economics --- Poverty & precarity --- Health --- Poverty --- External debt --- Debt burden --- Debt service --- Debts, External --- Guinea

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This paper reviews Guyana’s Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) Progress Report 2004. In spite of many challenges, the government made progress in implementing its Poverty Reduction Program. In particular, it pursued prudent macroeconomic policies, which improved economic fundamentals and created the framework for sustainable growth. Priority attention was also given to implementing reforms to improve the institutional and regulatory frameworks, public accountability, confidence building in the judicial and political systems, local government reforms, and the protection of fundamental human rights.

Social Services and Welfare --- Government Policy --- Provision and Effects of Welfare Program --- Education: General --- Health: General --- Social welfare & social services --- Education --- Health economics --- Health --- Poverty reduction and development --- Poverty reduction strategy --- Poverty reduction --- Poverty --- Guyana

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This paper examines the Republic of Mozambique’s Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) Progress Report. The paper presents the national macroeconomic setting and describes the main economic policy measures for 2001 and 2002. It evaluates the process of integrating the Plan for the Reduction of Absolute Poverty (PARPA) into annual planning instruments and the monitoring and evaluation process. The government’s performance in the fundamental action areas is discussed. The paper also describes the trends of the main sectoral indicators, and compares the results obtained by these sectors with the corresponding PARPA targets.

Public Finance --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Education: General --- Health: General --- Public finance & taxation --- Education --- Health economics --- Total expenditures --- Expenditure --- Health --- Current spending --- Expenditures, Public --- Mozambique, Republic of

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This paper explores sources of the output collapse in Russia during transition. A modified growth-accounting framework is developed that takes into account changes in factor utilization that are typical of the transition process. The results indicate that declines in factor inputs and productivity were both important determinants of the output fall. The paper analyzes the behavior of real commodity prices over the 1862–1999 progress. It also examines whether average stocks of health and education are converging across countries, and calculates the speed of their convergence using data from 84 countries for 1970–90.

Commodity Markets --- Commodity prices --- Currency --- Deflation --- Education --- Education: General --- Foreign Exchange --- Foreign exchange --- Health economics --- Health --- Health: General --- Human capital --- Income economics --- Inflation --- Labor --- Labour --- Macroeconomics --- Price Level --- Prices --- Russian Federation

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Since 2016, public development action in Mauritania by 2030 has been framed by the Strategy for Accelerated Growth and Shared Prosperity (SCAPP). This reference framework for strategic planning for the country's economic, social and environmental development also incorporates the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (SDGs). In addition, the SCAPP has been the subject of a framework law that makes it possible to establish it as a reference framework for development interventions carried out by the Government with the support of its technical and financial partners (TFPs).

Capacity --- Capital --- Demographic Economics: General --- Demography --- Education --- Education: General --- Health economics --- Health --- Health: General --- Infrastructure --- Intangible Capital --- Investment --- Macroeconomics --- National accounts --- Population & demography --- Population and demographics --- Population --- Saving and investment --- Mauritania, Islamic Republic of