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This study provides a diagnostic of the benefit incidence and targeting performance of a large number of social programs in Ghana. Both broad-based programs (such as spending for education and health, and subsidies for food, oil-related products and electricity) as well as targetd programs (such as LEAP, the indigent exemption under the NHIS, school lunches and uniforms, or fertilizer subsidies) are considered. In addition, the study provides tools and recommendations for better targeting of those programs in the future. The tools include new maps and data sets for geographic targeting accordi

Ghana -- Economic policy -- 21st century. --- Social work administration -- Ghana. --- Social work administration. --- Social work administration --- Social Welfare & Social Work --- Social Sciences --- Social Welfare & Social Work - General --- Ghana --- Economic policy --- Social service --- Administration --- Management --- Chia-na --- Gana --- Republic of Ghana --- Ganah --- Government of Ghana --- Rèpublica du Gana --- Qana --- Qana Respublikası --- Gana ka Fasojamana --- Republik Ghana --- Гана --- Gana Respublikaḣy --- Hana (Ghana) --- Рэспубліка Гана --- Rėspublika Hana --- Република Гана --- Republika Gana --- Ghanská republika --- Gweriniaeth Ghana --- Gáana --- Ghana Vabariik --- Γκάνα --- Gkana --- Δημοκρατία της Γκάνας --- Dēmokratia tēs Gkanas --- República de Ghana --- Ganao --- Ghanako Errepublika --- Tjóðveldið Gana --- République du Ghana --- Poblacht Ghána --- Yn Ghaney --- Ghaney --- Pobblaght ny Ganey --- Poblachd Ghàna --- Ганмудин Орн --- Ganmudin Orn --- 가나 --- 가나 공화국 --- Gana Konghwaguk --- Ochíchìíwú Ghana --- Ганæ --- Ganæ --- Республикæ Ганæ --- Respublikæ Ganæ --- IGana --- Repubblica del Ghana --- גאנה --- רפובליקת גאנה --- Republiḳat Ganah --- ガーナ --- Togoland (British) --- Gold Coast --- Ashanti --- Northern Territories of the Gold Coast

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By emphasizing the centrality of human relationships to Ghana's economic past, Murillo introduces a radical rethinking of consumption studies from an Africa-centered perspective. The result is a keen look at colonial capitalism in all of its intricacies, legacies, and contradictions, including its entanglement with gender and race.

Consumption (Economics) --- Consumers --- Customers (Consumers) --- Shoppers --- Persons --- Consumer demand --- Consumer spending --- Consumerism --- Spending, Consumer --- Demand (Economic theory) --- History --- Political aspects --- Ghana --- Chia-na --- Dēmokratia tēs Gkanas --- Gáana --- Gana --- Gana ka Fasojamana --- Gana Konghwaguk --- Gana Respublikaḣy --- Ganæ --- Ganah --- Ganao --- Ganmudin Orn --- Ghana Vabariik --- Ghanako Errepublika --- Ghaney --- Ghanská republika --- Gkana --- Government of Ghana --- Gweriniaeth Ghana --- Hana (Ghana) --- IGana --- Ochíchìíwú Ghana --- Pobblaght ny Ganey --- Poblachd Ghàna --- Poblacht Ghána --- Qana --- Qana Respublikası --- Repubblica del Ghana --- Republic of Ghana --- República de Ghana --- Rèpublica du Gana --- Republik Ghana --- Republika Gana --- Republiḳat Ganah --- République du Ghana --- Rėspublika Hana --- Respublikæ Ganæ --- Tjóðveldið Gana --- Yn Ghaney --- Γκάνα --- Δημοκρατία της Γκάνας --- Рэспубліка Гана --- Республикæ Ганæ --- Република Гана --- Ганæ --- Гана --- Ганмудин Орн --- רפובליקת גאנה --- גאנה --- ガーナ --- 가나 --- 가나 공화국 --- Ashanti --- Gold Coast --- Northern Territories of the Gold Coast --- Togoland (British) --- Commerce --- History of Africa --- anno 1900-1999

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Skills development in Ghana encompasses foundational skills, transferable/soft-skills, and technical and vocational skills. This report focuses on one segment of this skills development system: formal and informal technical and vocational education and training (TVET) at the pre-tertiary level. TVET represents a major intersection between education, youth and the labor market. The government has long promised to the population that increasing technical and vocational skills training opportunities will help solve youth unemployment. However, market distortions and inefficiencies have led to an

Vocational education --- Education and training services industry. --- Occupational training. --- Administration --- Job training --- Manpower development and training --- Manpower training programs --- Vocational training --- Occupational training industry --- Training services industry --- Education, Vocational --- Work experience --- Education --- Training --- Education and training services industry --- Practice firms --- Service industries --- Occupational training --- Technical education --- Ghana. --- Chia-na --- Dēmokratia tēs Gkanas --- Gáana --- Gana --- Gana ka Fasojamana --- Gana Konghwaguk --- Gana Respublikaḣy --- Ganæ --- Ganah --- Ganao --- Ganmudin Orn --- Ghana --- Ghana Vabariik --- Ghanako Errepublika --- Ghaney --- Ghanská republika --- Gkana --- Gold Coast --- Government of Ghana --- Gweriniaeth Ghana --- IGana --- Ochíchìíwú Ghana --- Pobblaght ny Ganey --- Poblachd Ghàna --- Poblacht Ghána --- Qana --- Qana Respublikası --- Repubblica del Ghana --- Republic of Ghana --- República de Ghana --- Rèpublica du Gana --- Republik Ghana --- Republika Gana --- Republiḳat Ganah --- République du Ghana --- Rėspublika Hana --- Respublikæ Ganæ --- Tjóðveldið Gana --- Yn Ghaney --- Africa --- Dēmokratia tēs Gkanas --- Gáana --- Gana Respublikaḣy --- Ganæ --- Ghanská republika --- Ochíchìíwú Ghana --- Poblachd Ghàna --- Poblacht Ghána --- Qana Respublikası --- República de Ghana --- Rèpublica du Gana --- RepublikÌ£at Ganah --- République du Ghana --- Rėspublika Hana --- Respublikæ Ganæ --- Tjóðveldið Gana --- D�emokratia t�es Gkanas --- G�aana --- Gana Respublika�hy --- Gan� --- Ghansk�a republika --- Och�ich�i�iw�u Ghana --- Poblachd Gh�ana --- Poblacht Gh�ana --- Qana Respublikas� --- Rep�ublica de Ghana --- R�epublica du Gana --- Republi�kat Ganah --- R�epublique du Ghana --- R�espublika Hana --- Respublik� Gan� --- Tj�o�veldi� Gana

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In recent years, the IMF has released a growing number of reports and other documents covering economic and financial developments and trends in member countries. Each report, prepared by a staff team after discussions with government officials, is published at the option of the member country.

Ghana --- Chia-na --- Dēmokratia tēs Gkanas --- Gáana --- Gana --- Gana ka Fasojamana --- Gana Konghwaguk --- Gana Respublikaḣy --- Ganæ --- Ganah --- Ganao --- Ganmudin Orn --- Ghana Vabariik --- Ghanako Errepublika --- Ghaney --- Ghanská republika --- Gkana --- Government of Ghana --- Gweriniaeth Ghana --- Hana (Ghana) --- IGana --- Ochíchìíwú Ghana --- Pobblaght ny Ganey --- Poblachd Ghàna --- Poblacht Ghána --- Qana --- Qana Respublikası --- Repubblica del Ghana --- Republic of Ghana --- República de Ghana --- Rèpublica du Gana --- Republik Ghana --- Republika Gana --- Republiḳat Ganah --- République du Ghana --- Rėspublika Hana --- Respublikæ Ganæ --- Tjóðveldið Gana --- Yn Ghaney --- Γκάνα --- Δημοκρατία της Γκάνας --- Рэспубліка Гана --- Республикæ Ганæ --- Република Гана --- Ганæ --- Гана --- Ганмудин Орн --- רפובליקת גאנה --- גאנה --- ガーナ --- 가나 --- 가나 공화국 --- Ashanti --- Gold Coast --- Northern Territories of the Gold Coast --- Togoland (British) --- Economic conditions --- Investments: Commodities --- Exports and Imports --- Public Finance --- Agribusiness --- Agriculture: General --- Trade: General --- Agricultural Markets and Marketing --- Cooperatives --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Investment & securities --- International economics --- Agriculture, agribusiness & food production industries --- Agricultural economics --- Public finance & taxation --- Agricultural commodities --- Exports --- Agroindustries --- Agricultural sector --- Expenditure --- Commodities --- Economic sectors --- International trade --- Agricultural industries --- Farm produce --- Expenditures, Public

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Improving the returns to labor for low-paid workers is a key policy challenge, especially in low-income countries (LICs) where earnings increases are the single most important source of poverty reduction and an important engine of shared prosperity. Yet, the understanding of individual earnings dynamics remains limited. The small--but growing--body of empirical literature on the factors leading to larger and faster pay increases points to strong persistence in earnings over time. However, it remains unclear to what extent this is due to differences in individual endowments rather than to the fact that being in low-paying jobs itself undermines future earnings prospects, and to what extent determinants of earnings vary across types of activities and sectors. The knowledge gap is particularly large for LICs due to the limited availability of reliable panel data. This study uses unusually rich longitudinal data from Ghana and Tanzania to identify engines of, and barriers to, earnings and earnings mobility. It examines the relative role of individual endowments--such as gender, age, and skills--and characteristics of the job, but also focuses on the role of job switches--for example, moves into and out of self-employment. The analysis also zooms in on the drivers of transitions between low-paying and high-paying jobs and addresses questions such as whether being low paid is a transitory or permanent phenomenon, and whether it has a scarring effect on an individual's employment prospects. The extent to which earnings dynamics differ for women and young adults is also discussed in detail. Tanzania and Ghana provide a particularly relevant context in which to examine these issues and the cross-country comparison helps shed light on the institutional factors that promote labor market mobility and entrepreneurship.

Business & Economics --- Economic Theory --- Entrepreneurship --- Entrepreneur --- Intrapreneur --- Capitalism --- Business incubators --- Ghana. --- Tanzania. --- Ab'i͡adnanai͡a Rėspublika Tanzanii͡ --- Henōmenē Dēmokratia tēs Tanzanias --- Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania --- Obedinena republika Tanzanii͡ --- Obʺedinennai͡a Respublika Tanzanii͡ --- Ob'i͡ednana Respublika Tanzanii͡ --- Tʻan-sang-ni-ya --- Tanganyika and Zanzibar --- Tʻanjania --- Tansangniya --- Tansania --- Tanzanie --- Tanzanier --- Tanzanii͡ --- Tanzanija --- Tānzāniy --- Ujedinjena Republika Tanzanija --- United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar --- United Republic of Tanzania --- Tanzania --- Chia-na --- Dēmokratia tēs Gkanas --- Gáana --- Gana --- Gana ka Fasojamana --- Gana Konghwaguk --- Gana Respublikaḣy --- Ganæ --- Ganah --- Ganao --- Ganmudin Orn --- Ghana --- Ghana Vabariik --- Ghanako Errepublika --- Ghaney --- Ghanská republika --- Gkana --- Gold Coast --- Government of Ghana --- Gweriniaeth Ghana --- IGana --- Ochíchìíwú Ghana --- Pobblaght ny Ganey --- Poblachd Ghàna --- Poblacht Ghána --- Qana --- Qana Respublikası --- Repubblica del Ghana --- Republic of Ghana --- República de Ghana --- Rèpublica du Gana --- Republik Ghana --- Republika Gana --- Republiḳat Ganah --- République du Ghana --- Rėspublika Hana --- Respublikæ Ganæ --- Tjóðveldið Gana --- Yn Ghaney --- Africa --- Dēmokratia tēs Gkanas --- Gáana --- Gana Respublikaḣy --- Ganæ --- Ghanská republika --- Ochíchìíwú Ghana --- Poblachd Ghàna --- Poblacht Ghána --- Qana Respublikası --- República de Ghana --- Rèpublica du Gana --- RepublikÌ£at Ganah --- République du Ghana --- Rėspublika Hana --- Respublikæ Ganæ --- Tjóðveldið Gana --- D�emokratia t�es Gkanas --- G�aana --- Gana Respublika�hy --- Gan� --- Ghansk�a republika --- Och�ich�i�iw�u Ghana --- Poblachd Gh�ana --- Poblacht Gh�ana --- Qana Respublikas� --- Rep�ublica de Ghana --- R�epublica du Gana --- Republi�kat Ganah --- R�epublique du Ghana --- R�espublika Hana --- Respublik� Gan� --- Tj�o�veldi� Gana