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Austria has low levels of labour migration from non-EU/EFTA countries. At the same time, intra-EU free mobility has grown significantly and since 2011, overall migration for employment is above the OECD average. It recently reformed its labour migration system, making it more ready to accept labour migrants where they are needed, especially in medium-skilled occupations in which there were limited admission possibilities previously. This publication analyses the reform and the Austrian labour migration management system in international comparison.
Foreign workers --- Immigrants --- Employment --- Emigrants --- Foreign-born population --- Foreign population --- Foreigners --- Migrants --- Persons --- Aliens --- Austria
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Le potentiel de la diaspora comme source de développement économique et social dans le pays d'origine et le fait de savoir si elle peut contribuer à favoriser ce développement, dépendent de ses caractéristiques, telles que la taille, la composition, le niveau des compétences et le degré de concentration, mais également de son niveau d’intégration dans les pays d’accueil. Ces éléments sont aussi tributaires de la situation économique, politique et sociale qui prévaut dans le pays d’origine. Les gouvernements des pays d'origine et de destination peuvent en effet faciliter la participation des diasporas, en soutenant des réseaux, en améliorant les canaux de communication avec le pays d'origine, en développant un environnement propice, ou - plus directement - en facilitant la mobilité des compétences et leur utilisation. Autant d’éléments qui rendent cruciale la capacité de caractériser le profil des diasporas. Cette publication conjointe de l’OCDE (Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques) et de l’AfD (Agence française de développement) comprend 140 notes pays résumant : la taille des diasporas, en prenant en compte les enfants d’immigrés nés dans le pays d’accueil) ; les caractéristiques des populations émigrées (sexe, âge, niveau d’éducation, résultats sur le marché du travail) ; les effectifs et les principaux pays de destinations des étudiants internationaux ; les flux récents de migrants vers les pays de l’OCDE ; ainsi que des informations sur les souhaits d’émigrer des différents groupes de migrants. Les informations sont regroupées en six régions : Asie et Océanie (chapitre 2) ; Amérique latine et Caraïbes (chapitre 3) ; pays de l’OCDE (chapitre 4) ; Europe hors OCDE et Asie centrale (chapitre 5) ; Moyen-Orient et Afrique du Nord (chapitre 6) ; et Afrique subsaharienne (chapitre 7). La situation dans chacune des régions est introduite par une description des tendances historiques des migrations, des principales diasporas originaires de la région, et des développements futurs et défis probables
Immigrants. --- Emigrants --- Foreign-born population --- Foreign population --- Foreigners --- Migrants --- Persons --- Aliens
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The Dutch labour migration system has undergone substantive changes in recent years. To induce a transition to more high-skilled migration, a programme based on salary thresholds has grown in volume while a programme based on work permits after a labour market test has shrunk. New programmes target international graduates either of Dutch educational institutions or of selected institutions abroad. Changes to immigration procedures have shifted responsibility to migrants' employers and have greatly reduced processing times. This review first examines the composition of labour migration to the Netherlands, in the context of present and expected demand in the Dutch labour market. Following a discussion of various programmes and procedures, the review assesses how labour migration contributes to the strategic development of sectors and to employment in regions. It then explores the determinants for the retention of high-skilled migrants and for the integration of international graduates into the Dutch labour market.
Foreign workers --- Immigrants --- Employment --- Emigrants --- Foreign-born population --- Foreign population --- Foreigners --- Migrants --- Persons --- Aliens --- Netherlands
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Foreign workers --- Immigrants --- Employment --- Emigrants --- Foreign-born population --- Foreign population --- Foreigners --- Migrants --- Persons --- Aliens
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Immigrants. --- Emigrants --- Foreign-born population --- Foreign population --- Foreigners --- Migrants --- Persons --- Aliens
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Building on global interest in migration development, the volume draws attention to one of the most important migration systems in sub-Saharan Africa. It reviews South Africa's approach to international migration in the post-apartheid period from a regional development perspective, highlighting key policy issues, debates, and consequences. The authors find at least three areas where migration is resulting in important development impacts. First, by offering options to those affected by conflict and crises in a region that has limited formal disaster management and social protection systems.
Immigrants --- South Africa --- Emigration and immigration. --- Emigrants --- Foreign-born population --- Foreign population --- Foreigners --- Migrants --- Africa, South --- Persons --- Aliens
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This publication presents and discusses some of the key information available in the newly created Database on Immigrants in OECD Countries (DIOC). The many graphs and tables include data on: immigrants’ demography including age, gender and duration of stay; and their labour market outcomes including labour market status, occupation and sector of activity. The book consists of nine thematic chapters, each including a brief description of sources, and a discussion of cross-country differences. The chapters also include a short analysis of specific issues relevant to the data, such as the gender dimension of “brain drain”, the international migration of health professionals, and the role of low-skilled foreign-born workers in domestic services. An introductory chapter provides an overview of the data to present a picture of international migration to the OECD from four regions: Africa, Asia, and Latin America and from within the OECD area. A methodogical note completes the report by summarizing the different sources and methods applied and explaining the structure of the new DIOC. "Immigration is fascinating, and a new report from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, A Profile of Immigrant Populations in the 21srt Century, has some juicy nuggets." -The Times (London)
Immigrants --- OECD countries --- Emigration and immigration. --- Emigrants --- Foreign-born population --- Foreign population --- Foreigners --- Migrants --- OECD member countries --- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries --- Persons --- Aliens
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This report reviews recent trends in international migration, describing the size of current foreign-born populations across countries and analysing factors associated to the size and nature of these populations, reviews a set of important differences and similarities across educational systems and gives a brief description of population sizes across countries. It also provides an overview of the evidence emerging from PISA 2009 on the performance and socio-economic background of children of immigrants. Who are the children of immigrants? What do they know and what can they do? How do they differ from other students? Do they approach school and learning in a different way? It examines more closely the issue of assessment language proficiency among immigrant students and its possible impact on cognitive outcomes in PISA. It explores the effect of age at arrival on the performance of immigrant students in the PISA tests of literacy.Selective migration policies of certain countries and the attractiveness of these countries generally to highly educated migrants is also explored. It also discusses the future educational and professional career of the children of immigrant related to their performance in PISA. Does the skill and knowledge disadvantage at age 15 translate into a disadvantage in later educational outcomes? For example, are those children of immigrants less likely to access a post-secondary educational institution?
Children of immigrants -- Education. --- Immigrant students. --- Immigrants. --- Immigrants --- Education --- Social aspects. --- Emigrants --- Foreign-born population --- Foreign population --- Foreigners --- Migrants --- Persons --- Aliens
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Cette publication réalisée conjointement par l’OCDE et la Commission européenne présente la première grande comparaison internationale sur les résultats des immigrés et de leurs enfants entre tous les pays de l’UE et de l’OCDE, au travers de 27 indicateurs d'intégration organisés autour de cinq grands thèmes: emploi, éducation et compétences, inclusion sociale, citoyenneté active et cohésion sociale (chapitres 5 à 12). Trois chapitres contextuels présentent les caractéristiques démographiques, celles spécifiques à la population immigrée ainsi que la composition des ménages immigrés (chapitre 2 à 4). Deux chapitres spéciaux sont dédiés à des groupes spécifiques. Les jeunes issus de l’immigration, dont les résultats sont souvent pris comme référence pour évaluer le succès ou l’échec de l’intégration, constituent le premier groupe. Le second groupe est formé par les ressortissants de pays tiers dans l’Union européenne, et constitue un groupe cible des politiques d’intégration de l’Union européenne.
Social Issues/Migration/Health --- Social integration. --- Immigrants. --- Emigrants --- Foreign-born population --- Foreign population --- Foreigners --- Migrants --- Persons --- Aliens --- Inclusion, Social --- Integration, Social --- Social inclusion --- Sociology --- Belonging (Social psychology)
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In dieser Publikation wird untersucht, wie sich Zuwanderer und ihre Kinder in die Gesellschaft der OECD-Länder integrieren, was anhand ihrer Fortschritte bei einer Reihe wichtiger Indikatoren gemessen wird. Dabei werden verschiedene Bereiche betrachtet (materielle Lebensbedingungen, Gesundheit, Bildung, Arbeitsmarkt, zivilgesellschaftliches Engagement), da die Integration ein mehrdimensionales Thema ist. Messgrößen der Ergebnisse sowie der in den letzten zehn Jahren erzielten Fortschritte werden entsprechenden Messgrößen für eine Vergleichsgruppe – die im Wohnsitzland geborene Bevölkerung – gegenübergestellt. Es werden drei Gruppen von Fragen behandelt: 1. Inwieweit unterscheiden sich die durchschnittlichen Ergebnisse der Zuwanderer von denen der im Inland Geborenen; 2. Lassen sich diese Unterschiede durch strukturelle Effekte erklären (unterschiedliche Bevölkerungszusammensetzung nach Alter, Bildungsniveau usw.)? 3. Wie haben sich die Integrationsergebnisse im Lauf der letzten zehn Jahre entwickelt? Ein einleitendes Kapitel liefert eine detaillierte Beschreibung der untersuchten Bevölkerungsgruppen (im Ausland Geborene und Haushalte von im Ausland Geborenen sowie im Inland geborene Kinder von Zuwanderern). Das letzte Kapitel gibt einen Überblick über die Frage der Diskriminierung, da diese ein möglicher Grund für fortbestehende Nachteile für Zuwanderer und ihre Kinder ist.
Immigrants. --- Social integration. --- Inclusion, Social --- Integration, Social --- Social inclusion --- Emigrants --- Foreign-born population --- Foreign population --- Foreigners --- Migrants --- Sociology --- Belonging (Social psychology) --- Persons --- Aliens
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