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Adolescents are among the age groups most vulnerable to malnutrition and their situation requires priority attention. However, information on adolescent nutrition in Bangladesh is limited. Using data from the Food Security and Nutrition Surveillance Project (FSNSP), we examined the nutritional situation of adolescent girls including regional and urban-rural patterns in undernutrition and overnutrition, dietary diversity, household food security, and as well as their growth dynamics. Our analysis focused on data collected from 2012 to 2014. The total sample size was 15,740 adolescent girls aged 10-19 years, of which one third were early adolescents aged 10-14 years, and one-tenth lived in urban areas. The authors found that among young adolescent girls, the proportion of moderate to severe thinness declined from 35 percent to 28 percent between 2012 and 2014, and rates of overweight and obesity were consistently low. For older adolescent girls (ages 15-19), the proportion of moderate to severe thinness remained low, while rates of overweight and obesity increased from 13 percent to 23 percent between 2012 and 2014. Overall, 17 percent of younger adolescent girls were stunted in 2012, decreasing to 11 percent in 2014. Study findings also highlighted substantial regional variations in both age groups. Of concern was a decrease in dietary diversity. The proportion of younger adolescent girls falling into the poor dietary diversity group increased from 54 percent in 2012 to 60 percent in 2014, and for older adolescent girls, a similar pattern was evident, with rates increasing from 53 percent to 64 percent. The analysis of growth dynamics indicated substantial deficits relative to healthy norms in the younger adolescent period. Study findings emphasize the importance of leveraging critical developmental entry points through high impact adolescent nutrition interventions. These investments will help ensure a future healthy work force, and a healthy next generation of children in Bangladesh.

Agriculture --- Food and Nutrition Policy --- Food Security --- Gender --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Malnutrition --- Nutrition

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In Senegal, the government's engagement in the nutrition sector and the fight against malnutrition have steadily increased over the past two decades, translating into, among other things, (1) the establishment in 2001 of the Cellule de Lutte contre la Malnutrition (Nutrition Coordination Unit) (CLM) and its Bureau Executif National (National Executive Bureau); (2) an increase in the government's budget allocation to nutrition from an estimated USD 0.3 million per year i.

Early Child and Children's Health --- Food and Nutrition Policy --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Malnutrition --- Nutrition --- Reproductive Health

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Nutrition has been ingrained in key social and economic development policies in Senegal since the birth of the Republic. The evolution of nutrition policy, and its impact on the state of nutrition in Senegal, is the result of a constant interplay between social, environmental, and economic events; politics; the state of nutrition knowledge; and the engagement and influence of external stakeholders. Nutrition policy also encompasses what actually gets implemented; therefore, it is also influenced by available capacity and resources at all levels. With a 46 percent reduction in under-five stunting, from 34.4 percent in 1992 to just over 19.4 percent in 2014, Senegal has witnessed one of the biggest rates of improvement in the world and currently has one of the lowest rates of stunting in West Africa. This success has put Senegal in the spotlight, and other countries, especially those in Francophone Sub-Saharan Africa, look to Senegal as a model for nutrition intervention. Indeed, in the global fight against malnutrition, more often than not Senegal has been ahead of the curve, in a position of informing global advocacy initiatives, not just a beneficiary of the global evidence base. The purpose of this report is to provide an historical overview of nutrition policies in Senegal including analysis of the nutrition policy landscape, the evolution of nutrition policies and institutions, and their implications in terms of programming and prioritization of interventions. In so doing, the report aims to provide context to future nutrition investment and the PSMN currently under development, and to inform the decision-making process at this critical juncture. Here, 'policy' refers to all guidance for the management of nutrition, be it effective (everyone does it) or ineffective (it never leaves the paper it is written on), formal (written and adopted) or informal (unwritten institutional behaviors and practices). The timeline of nutrition policies and related initiatives is provided in appendix A.

Child Health --- Early Child And Children's Health --- Food And Nutrition Policy --- Health Economics And Finance --- Health, Nutrition And Population --- Maternal Health --- Nutrition --- Reproductive Health --- Stunting

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In Senegal, government commitment to nutrition has increased progressively in recent decades. Thecreation in 2001 of the Cellule de Lutte Contre la Malnutrition (the Nutrition Coordination Unit) (CLM) and its Bureau Executif National (the National Executive Bureau) (BEN) marked a major turning point, as did an increase in annual budget allocations to nutrition (from USD 0.3 million in 2002 to USD 5.7 million in 2015) and concomitant intensification of community-based nutrition interventions. This commitment is reflected in the improvement of nutrition indicators. With a 46 percent reduction in under-five stunting, from 34.4 percent in 1992 to 19.4 percent in 2014, Senegal has witnessed one of the biggest rates of improvement in the fight against undernutrition in the world and currently has one of the lowest rates of stunting in Sub-Saharan Africa (Spray 2018). However, these developments have not led to greater visibility of pronutrition interventions in relevant sectors such as agriculture, livestock, health, education, social protection, and hydraulics. Moreover, some nutrition-specific problems with major consequences-low birthweight, iron-deficiency anemia, adolescent nutrition, and maternal undernutrition-still receive little attention. These shortcomings threaten the gains achieved in recent decades. Recognizing the challenge, the government of Senegal joined the SUN Movement in 2011 and adopted the United Nations REACH approach in 2014. Both initiatives aim to strengthen institutional capacity and facilitate a multisectoral process to help governmentsplan, prioritize and more efficiently manage nutrition actions involving multiple stakeholders. With respect to national policy, the Document de Politique National de Developpement de la Nutrition (National Policy for the Development of Nutrition) (PNDN) has been adopted for the period 2015 to 2025. The PNDN will be operationalized through a multisectoral nutrition strategy, the Plan Strategique Multisectoriel de la Nutrition (Multisectoral Nutrition Strategic Plan) (PSMN). The PSMN is designed as a sectoral reform program to broaden coverage and improve the quality of nutrition services.Against this background, this institutional and organizational capacity assessment (IOCA) analyzes the performance of Senegal's nutrition sector and makes 8 Analysis and Perspective: 15 Years of Experience in the Development of Nutrition Policy in Senegal recommendations for strengthening implementation of the PNDN and forthcoming PSMN.

Early Child and Children's Health --- Food and Nutrition Policy --- Health Economics and Finance --- Health Systems Development and Reform --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Nutrition --- Reproductive Health

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In the 1980's Indonesia became an example for other countries concerned with reducing high levels of malnutrition. At the time, Indonesia had started nutrition programming and surveillance at the village level using the integrated weighing and child health posts, or Posyandu. In the ensuing decades there have been successes: small scale and bigger scale interventions that reduced malnutrition. At the same time, there have been set-backs, loss of attention, other priorities, decentralization, weak management and poor governance. In August 2017, the Indonesian government unveiled a new strategy to accelerate reductions in rates of stunting. This book looks at what will be required to turn that strategy - the National Strategy to Accelerate Stunting Prevention (StraNas Stunting) 2017-2021 - from vision into reality. It looks at the country's ambitious reforms and goals to reduce stunting. It examines the government's plans to boost awareness about the economic, social and personal cost of stunting, to ensure a truly national "multi-sectoral" effort to tackle the problem at scale in a coordinated and cohesive fashion in communities across Indonesia. It chronicles past successes and setbacks, drawing lessons from them about the future. We think Indonesia is on a path towards new success: this time at scale. It is a story worthtelling.

Child Health --- Early Child and Children's Health --- Food and Nutrition Policy --- Health Project Design and Implementation --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Maternal Health --- Nutrition --- Stunting