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This report is the final product of a follow-up study undertaken after the completion of the comparative analysis of organization and performance of cotton sectors in Sub-Saharan Africa, a study published by the World Bank in 2008. The objective of this complementary study is to assess the advantages and disadvantages of the main available technologies to separate the lint from the raw cotton, roller ginning and saw ginning, and carry out an economic analysis of the respective benefits of these two technologies for cotton producing countries of Sub-Saharan Africa. The study shows that the choice of ginning technology is an important factor of performance and is in turn influenced by the cotton sector structure. The type of ginning technology also has an impact on lint quality, and, as roller ginning is less damaging to the fiber than saw ginning, it can generate a price premium. The overall economic advantage of roller gins vs. saw gins appears to be significant in the Sub-Saharan African context, and likely to increase in the future as the demand for quality is becoming more and more stringent. Thus, although there are technical and organizational issues to address in order to fully capture the benefits of the technology, the introduction of roller ginning is likely to improve the competitiveness of African cotton and facilitate the transition towards more competitive cotton sectors.

Agricultural Industry --- Agriculture --- Biotechnology --- Cooperatives --- Cotton --- Crops & Crop Management Systems --- Fair Trade --- Industry --- Labor Costs --- Seeds --- Textile Industry

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This volume contains a selection of papers that were presented at the CRESSE Conferences held in Chania, Crete, from July 6th to 8th, 2012, and in Corfu from July 5th to 7th, 2013. The chapters address current policy issues in competition and regulation. The book contains contributions at the frontier of competition economics and regulation and provides perspectives on recent research findings in the field. Written by experts in their respective fields, the book brings together current thinking on market forces at play in imperfectly competitive industries, how firms use anti-competitive pract

Competition --- Competition, Unfair --- Commercial law --- Competition law --- Fair trade --- Unfair competition --- Unfair trade practices --- Commercial crimes --- Industrial property --- Torts --- Advertising laws --- Law and legislation --- E-books

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Fair trade is a fast-growing alternative market intended to bring better prices and greater social justice to small farmers around the world. But what does a fair-trade label signify? This vivid study of coffee farmers in Mexico offers the first thorough investigation of the social, economic, and environmental benefits of fair trade. Based on extensive research in Zapotec indigenous communities in Oaxaca, Brewing Justice follows the members of the cooperative Michiza, whose organic coffee is sold on the international fair-trade market, and compares them to conventional farming families in the same region. The book carries readers into the lives of coffee-producer households and communities, offering a nuanced analysis of fair trade's effects on everyday life and the limits of its impact. Brewing Justice paints a clear picture of the dynamics of the fair-trade market and its relationship to the global economy. Drawing on interviews with dozens of fair-trade leaders, the book also explores the movement's fraught politics, especially the challenges posed by rapid growth and the increased role of transnational corporations. It concludes with recommendations to strengthen and protect the integrity of fair trade. This updated edition includes a substantial new chapter that assesses recent developments in both coffee-growing communities and movement politics, offering a guide to navigating the shifting landscape of fair-trade consumption.

Coffee -- Prices -- Developing countries. --- Coffee industry -- Developing countries. --- Exports -- Developing countries. --- Coffee industry --- Exports --- Competition, Unfair --- Coffee --- Business & Economics --- Industries --- Prices --- Competition, Unfair. --- Coffea --- Coffea arabica --- Competition --- Competition law --- Fair trade --- Unfair competition --- Unfair trade practices --- Coffee trade --- Law and legislation --- Psychotropic plants --- Rubiaceae --- Seed crops --- Commercial crimes --- Commercial law --- Industrial property --- Torts --- Advertising laws --- Beverage industry --- E-books --- Coffee industry -- Developing countries.. --- Exports -- Developing countries.. --- Competition, Unfair.. --- alternative marketing. --- anthropology. --- business and industry. --- business. --- capitalism. --- coffee farmers. --- coffee industry. --- coffee lovers. --- coffee producing households. --- coffee. --- corporations. --- economics. --- fair trade coffee. --- fair trade consumption. --- fair trade. --- global economy. --- international business. --- international fair trade market. --- justice. --- mexican coffee. --- mexico. --- michiza. --- money and power. --- oaxaca. --- organic coffee. --- political economy. --- politics. --- small farmers. --- social justice. --- transnational corporations. --- zapotec indigenous communities.

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Shaping markets through competition and economic regulation is at the heart of addressing the development challenges facing countries in southern Africa. The contributors to Competition Law and Economic Regulation: Addressing Market Power in southern Africa critically assess the efficacy of the competition and economic regulation frameworks, including the impact of a number of the regional competition authorities in a range of sectors throughout southern Africa. Featuring academics as well as practitioners in the field, the book addresses issues common to southern African countries, where markets are small and concentrated, with particularly high barriers to entry, and where the resources to enforce legislation against anti-competitive conduct are limited. What is needed, the contributors argue, is an understanding of competition and regional integration as part of an inclusive growth agenda for Africa. By examining competition and regulation in a single framework, and viewing this within the southern African experience, this volume adds new perspectives to the global competition literature. It is an essential reference tool and will be of great interest to policymakers and regulators, as well as the rapidly growing ecosystem of legal practitioners and economists engaged in the field.

Antitrust law. --- Antitrust law --- Competition, Unfair --- Competition --- Competition law --- Fair trade --- Unfair competition --- Unfair trade practices --- Anti-trust law --- Trusts, Industrial --- Law and legislation --- Law --- Commercial crimes --- Commercial law --- Industrial property --- Torts --- Advertising laws --- Trade regulation --- E-books

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Nestled in the Himalayan foothills of Northeast India, Darjeeling is synonymous with some of the finest and most expensive tea in the world. It is also home to a violent movement for regional autonomy that, like the tea industry, dates back to the days of colonial rule. In this nuanced ethnography, Sarah Besky narrates the lives of tea workers in Darjeeling. She explores how notions of fairness, value, and justice shifted with the rise of fair-trade practices and postcolonial separatist politics in the region.  This is the first book to explore how fair-trade operates in the context of large-scale plantations.  Readers in a variety of disciplines-anthropology, sociology, geography, environmental studies, and food studies-will gain a critical perspective on how plantation life is changing as Darjeeling struggles to reinvent its signature commodity for twenty-first-century consumers. The Darjeeling Distinction challenges fair-trade policy and practice, exposing how trade initiatives often fail to consider the larger environmental, historical, and sociopolitical forces that shape the lives of the people they intended to support.

Competition, Unfair -- India -- Darjeeling (District). --- Tea plantations -- India -- Darjeeling (District). --- Tea trade -- India -- Darjeeling (District). --- Tea trade --- Tea plantations --- Competition, Unfair --- Business & Economics --- Industries --- Tea industry --- Competition --- Competition law --- Fair trade --- Unfair competition --- Unfair trade practices --- Law and legislation --- Beverage industry --- Plantations --- Commercial crimes --- Commercial law --- Industrial property --- Torts --- Advertising laws --- E-books --- Social Sciences and Humanities. Economics --- International Economy --- International Trade. --- Economic Theory --- Welfare Theory. --- anthropology. --- colonial rule. --- darjeeling. --- disciplines. --- environmental studies. --- expensive tea. --- fair trade practices. --- fairness. --- geography. --- himalayan foothills. --- justice. --- northeast india. --- nuanced ethnography. --- postcolonial separatist politics. --- region. --- regional autonomy. --- sociology. --- tea industry. --- tea leaves. --- tea workers. --- value. --- violent movement.