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Payments for environmental services are a nature conservation policy in which landowners receive financial compensation conditional on verified environmental service delivery. Contracts for payments for environmental services have been found to be effective in inducing conservation on private lands, but they may give rise to strong free-riding incentives when implemented on lands that are, de facto or de jure, commonly owned. This study implemented a randomized controlled trial in arid Burkina Faso to test the relative effectiveness of two collective payment for environmental services schemes in inducing forest conservation-a linear group payment scheme, in which group payments increase linearly with tree survival rates, and a threshold group payment scheme. The extant theory predicts that the latter incentive mechanism will (weakly) outperform the former. This paper develops a new theory that shows that the reverse may also hold-but only if the relationship between effort and tree survival rates is very uncertain. The findings show that threshold group payments increase intermediate measures of cooperation, but-consistent with Burkina Faso's harsh conditions rendering tree survival quite stochastic-actual survival rates are higher with the linear group payments. The paper presents field experimental evidence as well as lab experimental results to explore the mechanisms giving rise to these results.
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Forestry innovations --- Forests and forestry --- Economic aspects
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Forest management --- Forestry innovations --- Social forestry programs --- Citizen participation.
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Ken Drushka analyses the changes in human attitudes towards the forests, detailing the rise of the late nineteenth-century conservation movement and its subsequent decline after World War I, the interplay between industry and government in the development of policy, the adoption of sustained yield policies after World War II, and the recent adoption of sustainable forest management in response to environmental concerns. Drushka argues that, despite the centuries of use, the Canadian forest retains a good deal of its vitality and integrity. Written in accessible language and aimed at a general readership, Canada's Forests will be a must-read for anyone interested in the debate about the current and future uses of this precious natural resource.
Sustainable forestry --- Forest management --- Forests and forestry --- History.
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This paper seeks Executive Board approval of an amendment to Rule O-1, which specifies the currency amounts in the SDR valuation basket.
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Country forest notes (CFNs) are a centerpiece of the World Bank Group's Forest action plan (FY16-20) and Climate change action plan (2016-2020). They provide a thorough assessment of the current status of forests, the forestry sector, and the investment needs to sustainably manage this valuable renewable natural resource. The World Bank aims to support client countries' efforts to implement priority actions linked to forests and their development priorities, by focusing more deliberately on the positive contributions that forests make to the poverty reduction, food security, economic development, building resilience towards climate change and climate change mitigation. Benin's forests are mainly represented as savannah-mosaic ecosystem. Forests host a rich biodiversity in Benin. Forest governance presents a multilayered institutional arrangement for managing forests in Benin. The Benin CFN was developed through a participatory process involving national government actors for forestry development. Interviews and validation of this report took place in Benin with the participation of key actors and institutions for forest development.
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El presente estudio procura identificar las opciones de bajo costo para reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero en Mexico. Evalua las intervenciones de bajas emisiones de carbono por parte de los sectores clave en el pais, utilizando una metodologia comun de analisis costo-beneficio, e identifica las barreras que impiden la implementacion de dichas intervenciones. Prepara un escenario de bajas emisiones hasta el ano 2030, basado en el potencial y los costos de las intervenciones de mitigacion en los distintos sectores. Y finalmente identifica las politicas prioritarias que servirian de soporte para un desarrollo de bajas emisiones, incluyendo un portafolio de intervenciones que se puedan implementar a corto plazo. El estudio analiza una amplia gama de actividades potenciales de eficiencia energetica, comparando los resultados con las distintas experiencias a nivel internacional e identificando las ventajas estrategicas y competitivas del desarrollo de bajas emisiones para Mexico, incluyendo las oportunidades para un mayor acceso al mercado del carbono y otros recursos para la mitigacion del cambio climatico.
Climate --- Cogeneration --- Development --- Energy Efficiency --- Forestry
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Forest management --- Forests and forestry --- Economic aspects
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This report presents the findings from an institutional capacity assessment of Liberia's Forestry Development Authority (FDA) based on a survey of FDA employees. The FDA plays a pivotal role in managing Liberia's forest resources, and its Strategic Plan (2018-2030) prioritizes institutional strengthening for achieving its vision of "sustainable forestry for sustainable development." The FDA employee survey was conducted to provide scientific evidence on the main organizational and personnel dimensions of institutional capacity, including staff skills, management practices, staff attitudes and behaviors, experiences of corruption and undue political interference, stakeholder interaction, and factors determining project success. A total of 438 FDA employees, or approximately 82 percent of the staff, were interviewed, and the sample covered Monrovia andthe field offices. The survey's findings are relevant to key FDA strategic pillars of improving staff productivity, strengthening internal governance, and improving the agency's customer service charter. These findings identify four key reform pillars that, when supported by a strong foundation of better data and more regular monitoring and evaluation, will help strengthen FDA's institutional capacity: improving skills through merit-based recruitment and competency-based training; stronger management practices, in particular, performance assessments, targeting and monitoring; more equitable pay; and greater community engagement. Administrative data and regular staff surveys can be the basis of a key set of indicators on public employment and management that the FDA can use to assess progress toward institutional strengthening.
Agriculture --- Environment --- Forestry --- Forestry Management --- Public Sector Development --- Rural Development --- Sustainable Land Management
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