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The objective of this document is to provide guidance for the development and implementation of a national energy efficiency (EE) investment program for public buildings in the Kyrgyz Republic. It begins by assessing the country's EE potential; analyzing its institutional, legislative and financial frameworks; reviewing the market for EE supply and services; and summarizing current barriers to EE implementation in the public sector. It then provides two forward-looking chapters: a vision 2040 list of medium- and long-term targets for a sustainable, climate-resilient, safe, and low-carbon stock of public buildings in the Kyrgyz Republic by 2040, with reference to the United Nation (UN) sustainable development goals and the draft concept for the development of the fuel and energy sector of the Kyrgyz Republic until 2040; and a roadmap and accompanying catalogue of recommended measures that sets out the steps and timeframe necessary to: improve the political and regulatory framework for EE; strengthen the delivery capacities of relevant institutions and sectoral stakeholders; and scale up the nation's EE investments in the country.

Energy Efficiency --- Public Buildings

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Floating solar photovoltaic (FPV) technology is considered commercially viable, given the number of largescale projects that have been implemented. Challenges to its deployment remain, however, including the lack of a robust track record; uncertainty about costs; uncertainty about the environmental impact; and the technical complexity of designing, building, and operating on and in water (especially electrical safety, anchoring and mooring issues, and operation and maintenance). This handbook provides developers, utilities, contractors, investors, regulators, and decision makers with practical guidelines on FPV projects. Most of the handbook focuses on technical aspects relating to developing and operating FPV projects; some sections focus on commercial and legal aspects. Most of the observations are made for inland water bodies or near-shore coastal FPV installations. Many observations incorporate learning and opinions from the industry, but they are also based on the experience from the 1 megawatt-peak (MWp) floating solar testbed in the Tengeh Reservoir in Singapore. The testbed has a comprehensive monitoring system that tracks more than 500 parameters in real time, ranging from electrical to meteorological and module-related factors. Given the early stage development of the technology, this handbook cannot answer all questions about FPV. Further studies and field data analysis are needed to better understand some of the risks of FPV systems, especially their environmental impact and long-term performance. All recommendations provided in this report are based on past and current experiences, which are limited to several years of operating data for most projects. A longer operating lifetime of FPV installations will lead to new and improved recommendations and best practices; new developments in technology,testing, certification, and equipment/materials deployed are likely to evolve as the industry grows and diversifies. An active dialogue among all stakeholders, public and private, is required to further the global understanding of FPV technologies and the development of well-designed projects while minimizing possible negative environmental and social impacts. Through this handbook, the World Bank Group, the Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP), and the Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore (SERIS) hope to contribute to this goal and to disseminate lessons learned from early projects.

Energy --- Energy Efficiency --- Solar Energy

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Energy efficiency in industry is a crucial topic for Turkey, as the country has an import dependency of 80 percent in energy. Although the importance of enhancing energy efficiency in industry is widely acknowledged, there has not been any study examining the energy efficiency in Turkish industry at micro level. Employing a sound decomposition methodology on a firm-level data set of manufacturing firms, this paper documents that there was a significant decrease in the energy intensity of firms over 2005-12. In contrast, structural change across manufacturing sectors and across firms within sectors had positive but limited effects on the overall energy efficiency over the period.

Energy Consumption --- Energy Efficiency --- Energy Intensity --- Manufacturing

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Energy efficiency in public buildings in Turkey is currently at a low level. Energy use in the country's public and service sectors experienced a five-fold increase between 2000 and 2015. Total green house gas (GHG) emissions increased by more than 120 percent from 1990 to 2015, constituting a significant environmental challenge. Several policy, regulatory, financial and technical barriers have prevented meaningful improvements to date. The government of Turkey aims to substantially reduce its energy consumption in all strategic sectors of buildings, industry, and transport. Several legal requirements are in place for energy efficiency, such as the energy efficiency law, a regulation on energy performance in buildings, and regulation on increasing energy efficiency in the use of energy resources. In support of the government's plan to curb energy consumption, the World Bank's energy efficiency in public buildings project was approved on November 5, 2019, to demonstrate the renovation of a large share of the central government building stock, and develop sustainable financing and institutional mechanisms to support a scaled-up, national program for energy efficiency in public buildings in Turkey. The project supports the renovation of central government and central-government affiliated buildings based on periodic calls for proposals to improve energy performance. Through these renovations and experiences, the government will develop a national program covering central and municipal buildings across the country and introduce sustainable financing and implementation schemes.

Energy --- Energy Efficiency --- Environment --- Environment and Energy Efficiency --- Gender --- Gender and Energy

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This study was undertaken by the World Bank to inform the potential areas and means ofassistance to the Government of Uzbekistan in scaling up energy efficiency (EE) investmentsin residential, commercial, and public buildings, focusing on energy use and efficiency inspace heating. Considering the ongoing World Bank assistance in modernizing districtheating services in selected cities in Uzbekistan, this study is explicitly concerned withresidential, commercial, and public buildings that are not served by district heating. The main objective of the study was to identify scalable EE interventions that could be deployed in the next 3 to 5 years. Three specific areas were investigated: (a) a market assessment for upgrading space heating and water heating equipment in detached homes and commercial buildings; (b) an analysis of the issues and options for scaling up investmentin thermal retro fit of public buildings; and (c) a gap analysis on the compliance enforcementof building EE standards in newly constructed housing. The study did not look into thermalretrofit of existing residential buildings, which holds significant energy-saving potential, butalso is among the most complex and challenging of EE interventions. A separate in-depthanalysis would be required to adequately address the issues involved. The three areas of investigation are broadly consistent with the priorities for improving EE in buildings stated in Presidential Decree No. PP-2343: Program of Measures to Increase Energy Efficiency and Introduce Energy-Saving Technologies in the Sectors of Economy andSocial Sphere during 2015-2019. In particular, the presidential decree singled out actions in (a) replacement of nonstandard and inefficient boilers for space-heating and hot watersupply in detached houses; (b) channeling of energy cost savings in state budget-funded organizations toward funding EE investments in these entities; and (c) improvement of rulesand norms for EE requirements for new buildings. The findings and recommendations of the study, summarized below, are intended to inform discussions between the Government and the World Bank on the issues and options to address the main constraints to implementing the priority actions identified in thePresidential Decree No. PP-2343. Detailed courses of action on specific EE interventions inbuildings could then be developed based on the outcomes of these discussions.

Energy --- Energy Consumption --- Energy Efficiency --- Environment --- Environment and Energy Efficiency --- Public Buildings