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The Financial Action Task Force (FATF) requires national governments to demonstrate an understanding of the money laundering risks in the country. Such an understanding is the foundation for effective control of money laundering under the risk-based approach the FATF calls for. The authors analyzed the National Risk Assessments (NRAs) published by eight systemically important countries to test whether they demonstrate that basic understanding and to draw lessons for national governments from those NRAs. The eight show very different conceptualizations, analytic approaches, and products. Each raises serious issues regarding the risk assessment methodology. For example, most relied largely on expert opinion, which they solicited in ways that are inconsistent with the well-developed methodology for making use of expert opinion. They misinterpreted data from suspicious activity reports and failed to provide risk assessments relevant for policy makers. Only one described the methodology employed. Although the challenge of conducting strong risk assessments is great, given the difficulty of estimating the extent of money laundering in any sector, the findings based on this limited sample point to ways to improve substantially on existing practices. The report concludes with a set of suggestions for (international) policy makers and those conducting NRAs for improving risk assessments. Suggestions include increased clarity about the conceptualization of risk, transparency about data and methods so that each country can learn from others, and the adoption of more formal and standardized methods of eliciting expert opinion.

Reparation (Criminal justice) --- Forfeiture.

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Criminal justice, Administration of --- Organized crime --- Russia (Federation) --- Social conditions

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Stephen C. McGuinn develops a conception of prison infrastructure and policy to explore how workers and administrators are essential in the development of prison culture. This study provides insight for those interested in criminology, criminal justice, prison theory and reform, policy studies, and labor studies.

Prison administration --- Corrections --- Imprisonment --- Correctional services --- Penology --- Criminal justice, Administration of --- E-books

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Cet ouvrage est le résultat d’un colloque organisé le 21 novembre 2019, par l’Association Syndicale des Magistrats, l’Université Libre de Bruxelles, l’Institut National de Criminalistique et de Criminologie, l’Université Saint-Louis – Bruxelles et l’Université Catholique de Louvain. L’objectif poursuivi est d’interroger le degré d’efficacité du système pénal, de mettre en exergue ses impasses et d’examiner les pistes pour en sortir. L’option prise a été de le faire par le biais des coûts du système pénal au regard des objectifs qui lui sont assignés, à savoir : la prévention générale, la lutte contre la récidive et la réinsertion des condamnés

Criminal law. Criminal procedure --- Belgium --- Criminal justice, Administration of --- Justice pénale --- Administration

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Police auditing merits the attention of both practitioners and academicians for two primary reasons. First, police auditing meets the need of police administrators to know about the economy, efficiency, and effectiveness of their organization and operations. Second, it provides an important mechanism for the public and its elected officials to fulfill their oversight responsibilities. This book provides a comprehensive examination of theories, standards, procedures, applications, and evaluations of police audits to allow the reader to obtain a detailed understanding of different aspects and ty

Police --- Cops --- Gendarmes --- Law enforcement officers --- Officers, Law enforcement --- Officers, Police --- Police forces --- Police officers --- Police service --- Policemen --- Policing --- Criminal justice, Administration of --- Criminal justice personnel --- Peace officers --- Public safety --- Security systems --- Auditing. --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Auditing --- E-books