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Le but de l'essai in vitro d'aberration chromosomique est d'identifier les agents qui causent des aberrations chromosomiques structurales dans les cellules mammifères cultivées. Les aberrations structurales peuvent être de deux types : chromosomiques ou chromatidiques. L'essai in vitro d'aberration chromosomique peut utiliser des cultures de lignées cellulaires établies, des souches cellulaires ou des cultures de cellules primaires. Des cultures cellulaires sont exposées à la substance d'essai (liquide ou solide) avec et sans activation métabolique pendant environ 1.5 fois le cycle cellulaire normal. Au moins trois concentrations analysables de la substance d'essai devraient être employées. Il faut normalement réaliser les cultures en doublon à chaque niveau de dose. À intervalles prédéterminés après exposition des cultures de cellules à la substance d'essai, les cellules sont traitées avec une substance qui bloque la métaphase, récoltées et teintées. Les cellules métaphasiques sont analysées au microscope pour déceler les aberrations chromosomiques.

Mammals --- Chromosome abnormalities. --- Chemical tests and reagents. --- Genetics. --- Chromosomal aberrations --- Chromosome anomalies --- Chromosomes --- Karyotypes --- Mutation (Biology) --- Chemical reagents --- Reagents, Chemical --- Indicators and test-papers

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Cet essai mesure les aberrations chromosomiques structurales (de type chromosomique et chromatidique) qui surviennent dans les spermatogonies et devrait par conséquent permettre de prévoir l'induction de mutations héritées dans les cellules germinales. L’essai d’aberration chromosomique pratiqué in vivo sur des spermatogonies de mammifères est destiné à détecter les produits chimiques qui causent des aberrations chromosomiques structurales dans les cellules de spermatogonies de mammifère (1) (2) (3). Par ailleurs, cet essai se prête bien à l’évaluation de la génotoxicité, car, malgré des variations entre les espèces, les facteurs du métabolisme in vivo, la pharmacocinétique et les processus de réparation de l’ADN sont actifs et contribuent aux réponses. La Ligne directrice 483 originale a été adoptée en 1997. La présente version modifiée de la ligne directrice reflète les connaissances scientifiques acquises après de nombreuses années d’expérience de cet essai et tient compte des possibilités de l’intégrer ou de le combiner à d’autres études de toxicité ou de génotoxicité.

Chromosome abnormalities. --- Chemical tests and reagents. --- Toxicity testing. --- Poisons --- Toxicological testing --- Toxicology --- Toxicology testing --- Toxicology, Experimental --- Chemical reagents --- Reagents, Chemical --- Indicators and test-papers --- Chromosomal aberrations --- Chromosome anomalies --- Chromosomes --- Karyotypes --- Mutation (Biology) --- Testing

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Genetic tests are being developed at an impressive rate and a significant number has already reached the market. Substantial involvement of the private sector has led to unprecedented growth in commercial genetic testing services and in trade of such services. This trend is expected to increase as knowledge gained from the mapping of the human genome and of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is applied to the identification of disease-causing genes and of inherited differences in drug response. The potential socio-economic and ethical impacts are staggering. This report provides a state-of-the art review of advances in genetic testing and of main international policy concerns drawing from the OECD workshop on "Genetic Testing: Policy Issues for the New Millennium", held in Vienna on 23-25 February 2000.

Human chromosome abnormalities -- Diagnosis -- Congresses. --- Human chromosome abnormalities -- Diagnosis -- Social aspects -- Congresses. --- Human chromosome abnormalities. --- Human chromosome abnormalities --- Public Policy --- Genetic Techniques --- Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures --- Genetic Services --- Diagnostic Services --- Health Services --- Social Control Policies --- Preventive Health Services --- Diagnosis --- Investigative Techniques --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Health Care Facilities, Manpower, and Services --- Social Control, Formal --- Policy --- Community Health Services --- Social Sciences --- Health Care Economics and Organizations --- Health Care --- Sociology --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- Genetic Testing --- Health Policy --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Pathology --- Genetic Screening --- Predictive Genetic Testing --- Predictive Testing, Genetic --- Testing, Genetic Predisposition --- Genetic Predisposition Testing --- Genetic Predictive Testing --- Genetic Screenings --- Genetic Testing, Predictive --- Predisposition Testing, Genetic --- Screening, Genetic --- Screenings, Genetic --- Testing, Genetic --- Testing, Genetic Predictive --- Testing, Predictive Genetic --- Genetic Predisposition to Disease --- National Health Policy --- Health Policies --- Health Policies, National --- Health Policy, National --- National Health Policies --- Policies, Health --- Policies, National Health --- Policy, Health --- Policy, National Health --- General Social Development and Population --- Community-Based Distribution --- Contraceptive Distribution --- Delivery of Healthcare --- Dental Care Delivery --- Distribution, Non-Clinical --- Distribution, Nonclinical --- Distributional Activities --- Healthcare --- Healthcare Delivery --- Healthcare Systems --- Non-Clinical Distribution --- Nonclinical Distribution --- Delivery of Dental Care --- Health Care Delivery --- Health Care Systems --- Activities, Distributional --- Activity, Distributional --- Care, Health --- Community Based Distribution --- Community-Based Distributions --- Contraceptive Distributions --- Deliveries, Healthcare --- Delivery, Dental Care --- Delivery, Health Care --- Delivery, Healthcare --- Distribution, Community-Based --- Distribution, Contraceptive --- Distribution, Non Clinical --- Distributional Activity --- Distributions, Community-Based --- Distributions, Contraceptive --- Distributions, Non-Clinical --- Distributions, Nonclinical --- Health Care System --- Healthcare Deliveries --- Healthcare System --- Non Clinical Distribution --- Non-Clinical Distributions --- Nonclinical Distributions --- System, Health Care --- System, Healthcare --- Systems, Health Care --- Systems, Healthcare --- Healthcare Economics and Organizations --- Science, Social --- Sciences, Social --- Social Science --- Community Healthcare --- Health Services, Community --- Services, Community Health --- Community Health Care --- Care, Community Health --- Community Health Service --- Community Healthcares --- Health Care, Community --- Health Service, Community --- Healthcare, Community --- Healthcares, Community --- Service, Community Health --- Policies --- Regulation --- Social Control --- Control, Social --- Controls, Social --- Formal Social Control --- Formal Social Controls --- Regulations --- Social Controls --- Healthcare Facilities, Manpower, and Services --- Investigative Technics --- Investigative Technic --- Investigative Technique --- Technic, Investigative --- Technics, Investigative --- Technique, Investigative --- Techniques, Investigative --- Antemortem Diagnosis --- Diagnoses and Examinations --- Examinations and Diagnoses --- Postmortem Diagnosis --- Antemortem Diagnoses --- Diagnoses --- Diagnoses, Antemortem --- Diagnoses, Postmortem --- Diagnosis, Antemortem --- Diagnosis, Postmortem --- Postmortem Diagnoses --- Disease --- Health Services, Preventive --- Preventive Health --- Preventive Health Care --- Preventive Health Programs --- Preventive Programs --- Services, Preventive Health --- Care, Preventive Health --- Health Care, Preventive --- Health Program, Preventive --- Health Programs, Preventive --- Health Service, Preventive --- Health, Preventive --- Preventive Health Program --- Preventive Health Service --- Preventive Program --- Program, Preventive --- Program, Preventive Health --- Programs, Preventive --- Programs, Preventive Health --- Service, Preventive Health --- Control Policies, Social --- Control Policy, Social --- Policies, Social Control --- Policy, Social Control --- Social Control Policy --- Services, Health --- Health Service --- Service, Health --- Services, Diagnostic --- Diagnostic Service --- Service, Diagnostic --- Services, Genetic --- Genetic Service --- Service, Genetic --- Diagnostic Technics and Procedures --- Technics and Procedures, Diagnostic --- Techniques and Procedures, Diagnostic --- Genetic Technic --- Genetic Technics --- Genetic Technique --- Technic, Genetic --- Technics, Genetic --- Technique, Genetic --- Techniques, Genetic --- Genetics --- Migration Policy --- Population Policy --- Social Protection --- Social Policy --- Migration Policies --- Policies, Migration --- Policies, Population --- Policies, Public --- Policies, Social --- Policy, Migration --- Policy, Population --- Policy, Public --- Policy, Social --- Population Policies --- Protection, Social --- Public Policies --- Social Policies --- Human chromosomes --- diagnosis --- methods --- Abnormalities --- Prenatal Diagnosis --- Preimplantation Diagnosis --- Cytogenetic Analysis --- Molecular Diagnostic Techniques --- Databases, Genetic --- Databases, Nucleic Acid --- Genetic Privacy --- Policy Making --- Public Health Administration --- Social Work --- Community Health Planning --- Preventive Medicine --- Preventive Psychiatry --- Primary Prevention --- Genetic Therapy --- Sensitivity and Specificity --- Genetic Counseling --- Genetic Phenomena --- Chromosome abnormalities --- Genetic disorders --- Affirmative Action --- Action, Affirmative --- Genetic Testing. --- Health Policy. --- Europe. --- Healthcare Policy --- Healthcare Policies --- Policy, Healthcare --- Northern Europe --- Southern Europe --- Western Europe --- Genetic Tests --- Health Care Policies --- Care Policies, Health --- Health Care Policy --- Policies, Health Care --- Policies, Healthcare --- Policy, Health Care