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Document d'orientation de l'OCDE sur les indicateurs de performance en matière de sécurité : Document d'accompagnement des Principes directeurs de l'OCDE pour la prévention, la préparation et l'intervention en matière d'accidents chimiques
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ISBN: 9789264018600 Year: 2004 Volume: 11 Publisher: Paris : OECD Publishing,

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Ce Document d'orientation sur les indicateurs de performance en matière de sécurité propose une approche systémique pour évaluer le succès des programmes mis en place par les différents intervenants en matière de sécurité chimique. Il laisse par ailleurs aux groupes concernés une certaine latitude pour concevoir des programmes permettant d'évaluer leurs propres performances dans le contexte de la prévention, de la préparation et de l'intervention en matière d'accident chimique. Les indicateurs de performance en matière de sécurité (IPS) aident l'industrie, les autorités et les collectivités à déterminer dans quelle mesure leurs actions contribuent à améliorer la sécurité chimique.

Keywords

Chemicals --- Safety measures


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Essai n° 249 : Essai de toxicité aiguë sur lignée cellulaire de poisson - essai sur lignée cellulaire RTgill-W1
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ISBN: 9264460179 Year: 2021 Publisher: Paris : OECD Publishing,

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L'essai sur lignée cellulaire RTgill-W1 décrit un essai de toxicité aiguë réalisé dans une plaque 24 puits sur une lignée cellulaire permanente établie à partir de branchies de truite arc-en-ciel (Oncorhynchus mykiss), appelée RTgill-W1. Après que les cellules ont été exposées pendant 24 heures au produit chimique d'essai, la viabilité cellulaire est évaluée sur un même groupe de cellules au moyen de trois indicateurs de viabilité cellulaire colorés et fluorescents. Un des marqueur coloré, la résazurine pénètre dans les cellules sous sa forme non fluorescente avant d'être convertie en résorufine (le produit fluorescent) par des oxydoréductases mitochondriales, microsomales et cytoplasmiques. Une baisse de fluorescence de la résorufine indique une baisse d'activité métabolique des cellules, notamment une atteinte à la membrane mitochondriale. Les données sont exprimées en pourcentage de la viabilité cellulaire observée dans les puits témoins, en fonction de la concentration de produit chimique d'essai. La courbe concentration-réponse établie à partir de ces données permet à son tour de déterminer la concentration efficace qui provoque une baisse de 50 % de la viabilité cellulaire, appelée CE50. Cet essai est conçu pour (i) prédire la toxicité aiguë chez le poisson dans le cadre d'une campagne d'essais d'un produit chimique, (ii) déterminer la plage des valeurs de travail et effectuer un pré-criblage avant un essai complet de toxicité aiguë chez le poisson ou tout autre essai de toxicité chez le poisson, (iii) produire des informations sur la toxicité exploitables aux fins de l'évaluation des dangers en association avec d'autres formes de preuves (p. ex., QSAR, analyse de la force probante des données) dans le cadre d'une stratégie d'essai intégrée (ITS)/approche intégrée en matière d'essai et d'évaluation (IATA).


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Revised Guidance Document 150 on Standardised Test Guidelines for Evaluating Chemicals for Endocrine Disruption
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Year: 2018 Publisher: Paris, France : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Publishing,

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This guidance document was originally published in 2012 and updated in 2018 to reflect new and updated OECD test guidelines, as well as reflect on scientific advances in the use of test methods and assessment of the endocrine activity of chemicals. The document is intended to provide guidance for evaluating chemical using standardised test guidelines. Specific objectives include providing a description of the OECD conceptual framework for evaluating chemicals for endocrine disruption, background on the standardised test methods used, and guidance for interpreting the outcome of individual tests. The general approach taken by the document is primarily to provide guidance on how test results might be interpreted based on the outcome of standardised assays. Key questions addressed in the document concern likely mechanisms of endocrine action and any resulting apical effects that can be attributed to such action. The document is not proscriptive but provides suggestions for possible next steps in testing (if any) which might be appropriate for a regulatory authority to take, given the various data scenarios. The guidance document is focused primarily on endocrine modalities included in the conceptual framework; estrogen, androgen, and thyroid mediated endocrine disruption and chemicals that interfer with steroidogenesis.


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The petrochemical industry : trends in production and investment to 1985.
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ISBN: 926411890X Year: 1979 Publisher: Paris OECD

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Petrochemical industry : energy aspects of structural change
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ISBN: 926412683X Year: 1985 Publisher: Paris OECD

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Principes directeurs de l'OCDE pour la prévention, la préparation et l'intervention en matière d'accidents chimiques
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ISBN: 9789264018587 Year: 2004 Publisher: Paris : OECD Publishing,

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La deuxième édition complète de ces Principes vise à aider les pouvoirs publics, l'industrie et les collectivités dans le monde entier à anticiper les accidents résultant de catastrophes technologiques et naturelles ou de sabotages et impliquant des substances dangereuses. Elle aborde les thèmes suivants : prévention des accidents et quasi-accidents chimiques ; préparation aux accidents par l’élaboration de plans d’urgence, d’une communication avec le public, etc.; mesures à prendre pour faire face aux accidents et réduire autant que possible


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Guidance on Developing Safety Performance Indicators For Industry
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ISBN: 9789264221741 Year: 2014 Publisher: Paris : OECD Publishing,

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This Guidance on Developing Safety Performance Indicators (“Guidance on SPI”) was prepared to assist enterprises that wish to implement and/or review Safety Performance Indicator Programmes. The three chapters in this Guidance are designed to help enterprises better understand safety performance indicators, and how to implement SPI Programmes. Specifically, Chapter 1 provides important background information on the Guidance and on SPIs more generally including (i) a description of the target audience for this Guidance, (ii) defi nitions of SPIs and related terms, and (iii) insights on the reasons for implementing an SPI Programme. Chapter 2 sets out a seven-step process for implementing an SPI Programme, along with three examples of how different types of enterprises might approach the establishment of such a Programme. These seven steps build on the experience of a number of enterprises in the UK that worked with the Health and Safety Executive to develop a practical approach for applying performance indicators. Chapter 3 provides additional support for the development of an SPI Programme by setting out a menu of possible elements (targets, outcome indicators and activities indicators). This menu is extensive in light of the different types of potentially interested enterprises, recognising that each enterprise will likely choose only a limited number of the elements to monitor its key areas of concern. Furthermore, it is understood that an enterprise may decide to implement an SPI Programme in steps, focusing fi rst on only a few priority areas, and then expanding and amending its Programme as experience is gained. Annexes provide further support with an expanded explanation of metrics and a summary of targets, along with a glossary, a list of selected references and a copy of the Guiding Principles’ “Golden Rules.”


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Chemical product design
Authors: ---
ISBN: 1107213479 1139012576 1139011464 9786613193179 113901093X 1139010670 1139011200 1283193175 1139011995 1139011731 1139035134 9781139011990 Year: 2011 Publisher: Cambridge : Cambridge University Press,

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The chemical industry is changing, going beyond commodity chemicals to a palette of higher value added products. This groundbreaking book, now revised and expanded, documents this change and shows how to meet the challenges implied. Presenting a four-step design process - needs, ideas, selection, manufacture - the authors supply readers with a simple design template that can be applied to a wide variety of products. Four new chapters on commodities, devices, molecules/drugs and microstructures show how this template can be applied to products including oxygen for emphysema patients, pharmaceuticals like taxol, dietary supplements like lutein, and beverages which are more satisfying. For different groups of products the authors supply both strategies for design and summaries of relevant science. Economic analysis is expanded, emphasizing the importance of speed-to-market, selling ideas to investors and an expectation of limited time in the market. Extra examples, homework problems and a solutions manual are available.


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Guidance Document on the Use of Multimedia Models for Estimating Overall Environmental Persistance and Long-Range Transport
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ISBN: 9789264079137 Year: 2004 Publisher: Paris : OECD Publishing,

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This Guidance Document is addressed to those who are involved in risk assessment and management of chemicals called POPs (persistent organic pollutants) or PBTs (persistent and bio-accumulating toxics). It is about using multimedia models, i.e. generic evaluative models that can calculate overall environmental persistence (Pov) and potential for long-range transport (LTRP) covering multiple compartments such as air, water, sediment and soil: what models you can use to identify and characterize POPs/PBTs, what data to use, and how to use model calculations.


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OECD Guidance on Safety Performance Indicators : A Companion to the OECD Guiding Principles for Chemical Accident Prevention, Preparedness and Response
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ISBN: 9789264019119 Year: 2003 Volume: 11 Publisher: Paris : OECD Publishing,

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Guidance on Safety Performance Indicators provides a systemic approach to measuring the success of stakeholders' chemical safety programmes by detailing targets, activity indicators and outcome indicators. It also provides flexibility for groups to design programmes to assess their own performance related to the prevention of, preparedness for, and response to chemical accidents. The SPI (Safety Performance Indicators) serves as a guide to help industry, authorities and communities measure the extent to which actions help improve chemical safety.

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