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Imports --- Customs administration --- Border security --- Ports of entry --- Border control --- Border management --- Boundaries --- Cross-border security --- National security --- Government policy --- Security measures --- United States --- Commerce. --- E-books

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This publication presents the survey results and policy recommendations of a Nordic study of national eID-systems. The countries that have been studied are Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. The aim of the study is to facilitate and lay a foundation for discussions about the similarities and differences in legal, organisational, technical and data approaches taken by the different countries. The survey data has been gathered with the assistance of the members of a project reference group. The data has been analysed and structured into a number of highlighted issues (chapter 1). The highlighted issues have been in turn used as baseline for a set of recommendations (chapter 9). The Nordic Council of Ministers has provided funding and facilitated the staffing of the reference group. The Norwegian Agency for Public Management and e-Government, Difi, has been the project owner and provided project resources.

System analysis. --- Emigration and immigration --- Government policy. --- Network theory --- Systems analysis --- System theory --- Mathematical optimization --- Network analysis --- Network science --- Identification --- Digital signatures --- Border security --- Border control --- Border management --- Boundaries --- Cross-border security --- National security --- Signatures, Digital --- Authentication --- Data encryption (Computer science) --- Forensic identification --- Law and legislation --- Security measures --- E-books

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The Mexico–Guatemala border has emerged as a geopolitical hotspot of illicit flows of both goods and people. Contraband Corridor seeks to understand the border from the perspective of its long-term inhabitants, including petty smugglers of corn, clothing, and coffee. Challenging assumptions regarding security, trade, and illegality, Rebecca Berke Galemba details how these residents engage in and justify extralegal practices in the context of heightened border security, restricted economic opportunities, and exclusionary trade policies. Rather than assuming that extralegal activities necessarily threaten the state and formal economy, Galemba's ethnography illustrates the complex ways that the formal, informal, legal, and illegal economies intertwine. Smuggling basic commodities across the border provides a means for borderland peasants to make a living while neoliberal economic policies decimate agricultural livelihoods. Yet smuggling also exacerbates prevailing inequalities, obstructs the possibility of more substantive political and economic change, and provides low-risk economic benefits to businesses, state agents, and other illicit actors, often at the expense of border residents. Galemba argues that securitized neoliberalism values certain economic activities and actors while excluding and criminalizing others, even when the informal and illicit economy is increasingly one of the poor's only remaining options. Contraband Corridor contends that security, neoliberalism, and illegality are interdependent in complex ways, yet how they unfold depends on negotiations between diverse border actors.

Smuggling --- Border security --- Border control --- Border management --- Boundaries --- Cross-border security --- National security --- Contraband trade --- Crime --- Customs administration --- Security measures --- Mexican-Guatemalan Border Region --- Border Region, Guatemalan-Mexican --- Border Region, Mexican-Guatemalan --- Borderlands (Guatemala and Mexico) --- Guatemala-Mexico Border Region --- Guatemalan-Mexican Border Region --- Mexico-Guatemala Border Region --- Commerce. --- Social problems --- Migration. Refugees --- Criminology. Victimology --- Frontera sur --- Guatemala