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Chambers of commerce developed in China as a key part of its sociopolitical changes. In 1902, the first Chinese chamber of commerce appeared in Shanghai. By the time the Qing dynasty ended, over 1,000 general chambers, affiliated chambers, and branch chambers had been established throughout China. In this new work, author Zhongping Chen examines Chinese chambers of commerce and their network development across Lower Yangzi cities and towns, as well as the nationwide arena. He details how they achieved increasing integration, and how their collective actions deeply influenced nation

Boards of trade --- Social networks --- Social change --- History --- China --- Politics and government

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harbors --- History of Antwerp --- economics --- trade [function] --- anno 1800-1999 --- Land van Waas --- Antwerp --- #A0212A --- 461 Bedrijfsleven --- VL / Flanders - Vlaams Gewest - Région Flamande --- BE / Belgium - België - Belgique --- 331.100 --- Economische geschiedenis: algemeenheden. --- Boards of trade --- Chambers of commerce --- Trade, Boards of --- Commercial associations --- Trade associations --- History --- Economische geschiedenis: algemeenheden --- Kamer van Koophandel en Nijverheid van Antwerpen-Waasland --- History. --- Antwerp (Belgium) --- Anṿerśah (Belgium) --- Anṭṿerpen (Belgium) --- Antwerpen (Belgium) --- Antuerpia (Belgium) --- Anvers (Belgium) --- Anversa (Belgium) --- Antwerpia (Belgium) --- Anwerpia (Belgium) --- Andowerpia (Belgium) --- Amberes (Belgium) --- Antverpia (Belgium) --- Ambivaritum (Belgium) --- Anderpus (Belgium) --- Andevorpum (Belgium) --- Andoverpis (Belgium) --- Andoverpum (Belgium) --- Antwerpha (Belgium) --- Antwerpium (Belgium) --- Antwerpo (Belgium) --- Antwerpum (Belgium) --- Handoverpia (Belgium) --- Andwerpa (Belgium) --- Antverpis (Belgium) --- Antverpo (Belgium) --- Antverpum (Belgium) --- Economic conditions. --- אנטווערפען --- trade [general function]