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This Handbook for Literacy Lesson Planning is designed to be used as a resource for education stakeholders seeking to design evidence-aligned early grade literacy programs. It describes the different subskills involved in learning to read, outlines best classroom practices for each subskill, and offers examples of high-quality classroom activities for each best practice.
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This paper presents the findings of an impact evaluation to assess the performance and sustainability of the demand responsive community-based approach toward rural water supply in the state of Kerala, India. To achieve the study's objectives, conceptual definitions of the "performance" and "sustainability" of rural water supply schemes were first developed, as were indicators for their systematic measurement. Performance and sustainability indicators for demand responsive approaches were compared with the more conventional supply-based approach to rural water supply. The study found that participatory community driven water supply schemes were more successful in delivering adequate, regular, and quality water supply, experienced fewer breakdowns and water shortages, and enjoyed higher consumer satisfaction with the quality of service delivery. The success of the community-based approach demonstrates that people are willing to contribute toward the capital costs of the schemes and pay for the water they use for a better service delivery. The findings of this paper suggest that the community-based approach can be a superior alternative to traditional supply driven models in expanding and improving water service delivery in rural areas.
Demand Responsive Approach --- Drinking Water --- Rural Water Schemes --- Sustainability
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The Iraqi Public Distribution System is the largest universal, in-kind subsidy system in the world. In 2012, the Public Distribution System transfers accounted for as much as 30 percent of incomes of the poorest 10 percent of the Iraqi population and provided 70 percent of the calories of the poorest 40 percent. In effect, the Public Distribution System remains the only safety net program that covers all the poor and vulnerable in the country. Yet, it is a very inefficient and expensive means to deliver transfers to the poor and creates distortions in the economy as well as an unsustainable fiscal burden. The fiscal crisis since mid-2014 has put reform of the Public Distribution System back on the agenda. This paper employs a mixed demand approach to analyze the consumption patterns of Iraqi households and quantify the welfare impact of a potential reform of the Public Distribution System in urban areas. The results show that household consumption of Public Distribution System items is relatively inelastic to changes in price. Consumption is more inelastic for the poorest quintiles and, for much of the population, these goods are not inferior, but rather normal goods. Cross-sectional comparisons suggest that with improvements in welfare levels, and with well-functioning markets, some segments of the population are substituting away from the Public Distribution System and increasing their consumption of market substitutes. The removal of all subsidies will require compensating poor households by 74.4 percent of their expenditures compared with nearly 40 percent for the richest households in urban areas.
Demand Analysis --- Food Subsidy --- Mixed Demand Approach --- Public Distribution System --- Quota
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The theory of integral dynamics is based on the view that the development of individual leaders or entrepreneurs requires the simultaneous development of institutions and societies. It seeks a specific way forward for each society, fundamentally different from, but drawing on, its past. Nearly every natural science has been transformed from an analytically-based approach to a dynamic one: now it is time for society and culture to follow suit locally and globally. Each culture, discipline and person is incomplete and in need of others in order to develop and evolve. The authors set out a progra
Political philosophy. Social philosophy --- Sociology of culture --- Economic sociology --- Economics --- Public administration --- Interdisciplinary approach in education --- Interdisciplinary approach to knowledge --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Methodology --- Science and the humanities --- Integrated curriculum --- Interdisciplinarity in education --- Interdisciplinary studies --- Curriculum planning --- Holistic education --- Administration, Public --- Delivery of government services --- Government services, Delivery of --- Public management --- Public sector management --- Political science --- Administrative law --- Decentralization in government --- Local government --- Public officers --- Study and teaching --- E-books --- Public administration. --- Interdisciplinary approach in education. --- Interdisciplinary approach to knowledge. --- Study and teaching.
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Education is a source of national pride in Lebanon. When the general public was asked how the education system was performing, 76 percent of respondents had a positive opinion; and these satisfaction rates have been consistently high over the years. However, perception of education quality does not reflect the reality of the sector; and learning outcomes, which are the determining metrics of success in education, have been lower than the international average, with a declining trend since 2007. This volume seeks to uncover why the education system in Lebanon is not reaching its full potential. It uses a political economy approach to study the drivers and factors that guide education operations to produce and utilize education outcomes. This includes the study of the context, stakeholders, and processes that shape education policies, institutions, and activities. It also aims to identify enablers and constraints for policy change, policy implementation, and results achievement. The analysis encompasses how education policies are developed; how education consumables-such as curricula, textbooks, and learning materials-are produced, distributed, and used by learners; how education services are delivered and monitored; and how results are measured. It includes the identification of the most influential actors in the education arena, as well as their vested interests. It also examines unfavorable frameworks for action that are likely to block the adoption of reforms and delay or derail their implementation. The system-level analysis presented in this volume used a mixed-method approach. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were conducted based on a review and analysis of more than 1,900 research papers, articles, and books; laws and policies; expenditures; trends; and enrollment and outcome indicators. Primary methods of inquiry were also used and included interviews, focus group discussions, and a household-based perception survey.
Education Stakeholders --- Efficiency --- Equity --- Learning --- Policy Execution --- Political Economy --- Private Expenditure --- Public Expenditure --- Public-Private Partnership --- Refugee Education --- System Approach
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Businesspersons--including engineers, managers, and technoprenuers-- are trained and drilled to make things happen. Part of their practice is to guide others on building monuments of success and to make difficult decisions along the way. However, they will all realize that the decisions they make eventually determine the chances they take, and that they are all fraught with uncertainty. This book is developed to give businesspersons the opportunity to learn operational risk management from a systems perspective and be able to readily put this learning into action, whether in the classroom or the office, coupled with their experience and respective discipline.
Operational risk. --- Risk management. --- Financial risk --- Insurance --- Management --- operational risks --- risk analysis --- risk management --- systems approach --- Operational risk --- Risk management --- E-books
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Scholars in philosophy, law, economics and other fields have widely debated how science, environmental precaution, and economic interests should be balanced in urgent contemporary problems, such as climate change. One controversial focus of these discussions is the precautionary principle, according to which scientific uncertainty should not be a reason for delay in the face of serious threats to the environment or health. While the precautionary principle has been very influential, no generally accepted definition of it exists and critics charge that it is incoherent or hopelessly vague. This book presents and defends an interpretation of the precautionary principle from the perspective of philosophy of science, looking particularly at how it connects to decisions, scientific procedures, and evidence. Through careful analysis of numerous case studies, it shows how this interpretation leads to important insights on scientific uncertainty, intergenerational justice, and the relationship between values and policy-relevant science.
Precautionary principle --- Environmental sciences --- Environmental risk assessment --- Risk assessment --- Precautionary approach --- Environmental law --- Philosophy --- E-books --- Environmental risk assessment. --- Philosophy. --- Science --- Precautionary principle. --- Normal science --- Philosophy of science
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How do we evaluate ambiguous concepts such as wellbeing, freedom, and social justice? How do we develop policies that offer everyone the best chance to achieve what they want from life? The capability approach, a theoretical framework pioneered by the philosopher and economist Amartya Sen in the 1980s, has become an increasingly influential way to think about these issues. This book is both an introduction to the capability approach and a thorough evaluation of the challenges and disputes that have engrossed the scholars who have developed it. The author offers her own illuminating and rigorously interdisciplinary interpretation, arguing that by appreciating the distinction between the general capability approach and more specific capability theories or applications we can create a powerful and flexible tool for use in a variety of academic disciplines and fields of policymaking. This book provides an original and comprehensive account that will appeal to scholars of the capability approach, new readers looking for an interdisciplinary introduction, and those interested in theories of justice, human rights, basic needs, and the human development approach.
Political philosophy. Social philosophy --- Economic development. --- Well-being. --- Social justice. --- Basic needs. --- Capability Approach --- freedom --- economic disparity --- wellbeing --- social justice --- Social Science --- public policy
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Sociology --- Interdisciplinarity approach --- Sociologie --- Interdisciplinarité --- Social sciences --- Sciences sociales --- AA / International- internationaal --- 201 --- Sociologie: algemeenheden. --- Interdisciplinarité --- Social theory --- Behavioral sciences --- Human sciences --- Sciences, Social --- Social science --- Social studies --- Research&delete& --- Methodology --- Sociologie: algemeenheden --- Civilization --- Research
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Career education --- English language --- Interdisciplinary approach in education --- Literacy --- Vocational education --- Business English --- Study and teaching. --- Study and teaching (Higher) --- Study and teaching (Secondary) --- Technical English --- Germanic languages --- Technical English&delete& --- Study and teaching --- Business English&delete& --- E-books
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