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This social assessment (SA) was conducted under the Fergana Valley Water Resources Management Project (FVWRMP), which is providing assistance to the Government of Tajikistan to address irrigation and drainage deficiencies in Eastern Sughd. The main SA objectives were to understand how prevailing structures of water provision, land reforms, and gender relations impact rural livelihoods; to analyze experiences in establishing inclusive Water Users Associations (WUAs); and to provide recommendations to FVWRMP with the aim of enhancing its programs. The SA targeted nine jamoats divided equally among Bobojon Ghafurov, Konibodom, and Yovon districts. The two northern districts were covered by FVWRMP and the Farm Privatization Support Program (FPSP) operated in the southern district (Yovon). Yovon's jamoats were selected specifically to analyze their WUAs formed in conjunction with farm privatization carried out under FPSP. Due to the limited number of community-based water management initiatives in the above-mentioned target areas, other WUAs were included in this study. A survey questionnaire was administered to 1275 households. Fifteen focus groups (mostly-female) and 38 in-depth interviews were also conducted. The SA results raise stakeholder awareness of the main water-related issues faced in the target areas as well as the major factors influencing WUA operations. While some of the study's recommendations are beyond the scope of FVWRMP and must be dealt with through other initiatives, as a response to the SA findings, the project is now aiming to continue its work on the rehabilitation of irrigation networks, drainage systems, and reservoir dykes and to emphasize institutional development through establishing water users associations and issuing land use certificates.

Agricultural Knowledge & Information Systems --- Agriculture --- Animal Feed --- Canals --- Crops --- Decision Making --- Drainage --- Drinking Water --- Floods --- Gender --- Irrigation --- Land Reform --- Land Tenure --- Livestock --- Pesticides --- Runoff --- Rural Development --- Town Water Supply and Sanitation --- Water Resource Management --- Water Supply --- Water Supply and Sanitation --- Water Supply and Sanitation Governance and Institutions --- Water Use

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In the future scenario for livestock development, there is a continuing role for smallholder producers, particular for dairy and small ruminants, relying heavily on grass and crop-residues, however in a growth mode, intensifying production, and enhancing the efficiency of resource use (less land, labor and feed resources per unit product). In particular improving the efficiency of converting feed into milk and meat will be critical to increase their income. Ensuring that happens will require technical solutions, in ensuring that feed rations are adequately balanced with the appropriate feedstuffs of adequate quality, and institutional solutions on how to provide smallholders access to high quality information and reliable supplies of sufficient quality feeds. Investment strategies will need to be purposefully tailored to fit these specific contexts. This study assesses where the demand for feed is likely to change the most, and where investments in feed are most likely to increase animal productivity and improve the livelihoods of those who raise livestock. The study focuses on smallholder ruminant-based livestock systems because they have potentially major transformative effects on the livelihoods of producers and others engaged in the related value chains. While pig and poultry enterprises typically play an important role in livelihoods at very low input levels, such as backyard scavenging poultry, they tend to be replaced very quickly by larger scale commercial units. In India for instance, broiler production moved from a few hundred birds per unit to units with a weekly turnover of ten to twenty thousand between 2001 and 2006.

Access to Information --- Agricultural Knowledge & Information Systems --- Agriculture --- Animal Disease --- Animal Feed --- Beef --- Cattle --- Contract Farming --- Cotton --- Crop Yields --- Dairies & Dairying --- Dairy Products --- Degradation --- Dung --- Ecosystems --- Ethanol --- Farmland --- Food Production --- Food Security --- Grasslands --- Innovation --- Livestock & animal Husbandry --- Maize --- Marketing --- Natural Resources --- Nutrition --- Pastures --- Population Growth --- Poultry --- Price Volatility --- Private Sector --- Rice --- Rural Development --- Rural Markets --- Rural Policies and Institutions --- Seeds --- Smallholders --- Trees --- Weeds --- Wheat

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This paper analyzes the poverty and inequality implications of removing agricultural and non-agricultural price distortions in the domestic market of the Philippines and abroad. Liberalization in the rest of the world is poverty and inequality reducing, whereas full domestic liberalization increases national poverty and inequality. Poverty declines while inequality increases marginally in the combined scenario of both global and domestic agriculture reform. Although the reduction in the national poverty headcount is small in the latter scenario, the poorest of the poor, particularly those living in the rural areas, emerge as 'winners', given their strong reliance on agricultural production and unskilled labor wages.

Agricultural Sector Economics --- Agricultural Trade --- Agriculture --- Animal Feed --- Beef --- Commodity Prices --- Consumers --- Corn --- Developing Countries --- Economic Policy --- Food Consumption --- Food Processing --- Gdp --- Grains --- Gross Domestic Product --- Income Tax --- Inequality --- Information Technology --- International Food Policy Research Institute --- Labor Market --- Meat --- Milling Industry --- Political Economy --- Poverty and Trade --- Poverty Reduction --- Savings --- Skilled Workers --- Sugar --- Trade Liberalization --- Trade Policy --- Trade Protection --- Unemployment --- Unskilled Workers --- Wages --- World Trade Organization

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This sourcebook summarizes the outputs and lessons of the Livestock in Africa: improving data for better policies project. It aims to present the challenges facing professionals collecting and analyzing livestock data and statistics and possible solutions. While the Sourcebook does not address all conceivable issues related to enhancing livestock data and underlining statistical issues, it does represent a unique document for a number of reasons. To begin with, it is possibly the first document which specifically addresses the broad complexity of livestock data collection, taking into consideration the unique characteristics of the sector. Indeed, in most cases livestock data are dealt with, if ever, within the context of major agricultural initiatives. Second, the sourcebook is a joint product of users and suppliers of livestock data, with its overarching objective being to respond to the information needs of data users, and primarily the Ministries responsible for livestock in African countries and the National Statistical Authorities. Finally, the sourcebook represents a unique experiment of inter-institutional collaboration, which jointly places the World Bank, the FAO Animal Production and Health Division, the ILRI and the Africa Union, Interafrican Bureau for Animal Resources as well as national governments in Niger, Tanzania and Uganda at the forefront of data and statistical innovation for evidence-based livestock sector policies and investments. This sourcebook represents a first step towards a demand-driven and sustainable approach to enhance the livestock information available to decision makers. It is hoped it will provide a useable framework for significantly improving the quantity and quality of livestock data and statistics available to the public and private sector, and also increase the efficacy of investments that country governments and the international community allocate to generate information for livestock sector policies and investments.

Agriculture --- Animal Feed --- Artificial Insemination --- Beef --- Capacity Building --- Cattle --- Climate Change --- Crops --- Dairy Products --- E-Business --- Economic Development --- Electricity --- Environment --- Environment and Natural Resources Management --- Food Security --- Gender --- Housing --- Human Development --- Hunger --- Innovation --- Livestock --- Marketing --- Meat --- Natural Resources --- Nutrition --- Other Communicable Diseases --- Other Rural Development --- Population Growth --- Poultry --- Private Sector --- Private Sector Development --- Rainfall --- Rural Development --- Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems --- Technical Assistance --- Vaccines --- Value Chains --- Wildlife Resources

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The purpose of this report is to examine development trends in the Southern Gobi Region (SGR) as they affect livestock and wildlife. It provides an overview of the environment and natural resources of the region, discusses existing relationships and interactions among humans, livestock, large herbivore wildlife, and the natural resources on which they are dependent. It then explores the impact that economic development of the region is likely to have if that development does not consider the needs of the current users. The importance of rangeland and water resources in this region is illustrated by the case study of herder interactions with the Wild Ass or Khulan. This study found that Mongolians in the SGR, especially pastoralists, are interested in wildlife and can be willing cooperators in conservation, especially if they receive some compensation for their efforts. The general conclusion reached by this report is that direct competition for resources is not now the primary issue affecting the relationship between humans, pastoral livestock and large herbivore wildlife; rather it is the lack or loss of a conservation ethic that provides protection for traditional users of natural resources, enforcement of hunting regulations, and prevents illegal sport hunting that is rapidly reducing populations of large wild herbivores in the region. Although economic development of the region will undoubtedly proceed, having in place an effective and functional natural resource management program is critical.

Agriculture --- Animal Feed --- Aquifers --- Biodiversity --- Cattle --- Climate Change --- Coal --- Commercialization --- Conservation --- Crop Yields --- Drinking Water --- Drought Management --- Economic Development --- Economics --- Ecosystems --- Ecosystems and Natural Habitats --- Environment --- Environmental Economics & Policies --- Fossil Fuels --- Geographic Information --- Groundwater --- Herders --- Invasive Species --- Labor Costs --- Lakes --- Livestock --- Livestock & animal Husbandry --- Meat --- Natural Resources --- Natural Resources Management --- Pastoralists --- Precipitation --- Rainfall --- Recycling --- Roads --- Streams --- Surface Water --- Tourism Industry --- Water Resources --- Water Use --- Wildlife Resources