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Agricultural extension work --- National agricultural research systems --- Africa, Sub-Saharan.

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National agricultural research systems --- Agriculture --- Government policy --- Research --- World Bank.

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Agricultural extension work --- National agricultural research systems --- Agricultural development projects --- Environmental sciences. --- Evaluation. --- Evaluation --- World Bank

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Agricultural policymakers in Africa increasingly face the need for policy options based on evidence-based analysis to promote agricultural transformation and to adapt to climate change. Furthermore, data and analytical tools to support informed agricultural policymaking are increasingly abundant thanks to investment in these areas, mostly from external sources. Still, the use of hard data and robust analyses linked to outcomes are still rare in most agricultural policymaking in the region. Today, ministries of agriculture (MoAs) are increasingly under pressure to show ministries of economy and finance (MoEFs) both the rationale behind spending and the impact of past spending, particularly net estimated impacts on forex and fiscal balances. Even so, at present most African governments are still under-spending on agricultural public goods such as research, extension, and infrastructure. The present paper focuses on what can be learned to improve outcomes from experiences promoting the increased use of evidence in agricultural policymaking.

Agricultural Extension --- Agricultural Policy --- Agricultural Research --- Agricultural Sector Economics --- Agriculture --- Climate Change and Agriculture --- Food Security

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The Fourth Annual World Bank Conference on Environmentally Sustainable Development was convened in September 1996, with the aim to pursue four key goals: 1) poverty reduction; 2) widely shared growth; 3) household, national, and global food security; and 4) sustainable natural resource management. This volume contains the presentations of all the plenary speakers as they are delivered or from written texts. In addition, it contains a summary of each of the thematic and regional roundtables as well as summaries of many of the associated and concurrent events. The volume also reprints the background papers submitted by those who participated in the roundtables. Full text statements from the associated event on Ethics, Values, Spiritually, and Rural Well-Being are also included.

Agricultural Research --- Agriculture --- Environment --- Environmental Economics and Policies --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Population Policies --- Poverty Reduction --- Rural Development --- Rural Poverty Reduction