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Refugees from Ukraine face multiple vulnerabilities, with many requiring humanitarian assistance to meet basic needs. In response to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, host countries in Europe and beyond have adopted measures to support refugees, including residency rights, free movement across countries, access to labor markets and integration policies, health and education services, housing options, banking services, and social protection systems. Drawing on previous IMF work on the economic challenges of refugees, this note provides an overview of policy responses needed to provide effective support to refugees fleeing Ukraine.

Refugee camps. --- Currency crises --- Economic & financial crises & disasters --- Economic sectors --- Economics of Minorities and Races --- Economics of specific sectors --- Economics --- Economics: General --- Financial crises --- Geographic Labor Mobility --- Health, Education, and Welfare: General --- Immigrant Workers --- Informal sector --- International Migration --- Macroeconomics --- National Government Expenditures and Education --- National Government Expenditures and Health --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- National Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs --- Non-labor Discrimination --- Ukraine

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The longstanding "cash versus food" debate has received renewed attention in both research and practice. This paper reviews key issues shaping the debate and presents new evidence from randomized and quasi-experimental evaluations that deliberately compare cash and in-kind food transfers in ten developing counties. Findings show that relative effectiveness cannot be generalized: although some differences emerge in terms of food consumption and dietary diversity, average impacts tend to depend on context, specific objectives, and their measurement. Costs for cash transfers and vouchers tend to be significantly lower relative to in-kind food. Yet the consistency and robustness of methods for efficiency analyses varies greatly.

Administrative Costs. --- Agricultural Activities. --- Agricultural Economics. --- Agriculture. --- Assistance Programs. --- Bars. --- Beneficiary. --- Bread. --- Cash Assistance. --- Cash Interventions. --- Cash Payments. --- Cash Transfer Programs. --- Cash Transfer. --- Cassava. --- Cereals. --- Child Growth. --- Child Health. --- Child Nutrition. --- Chocolate. --- Conditional Cash. --- Conditional Transfer. --- Corn. --- Dairy. --- Distribution Program. --- Distribution System. --- Dried Fish. --- Drought. --- Economic Growth. --- Education Programs. --- Eggs. --- Emergency Food. --- Famine. --- Feeding Programs. --- Flour. --- Food Aid. --- Food and Beverage Industry. --- Food Assistance Programs. --- Food Assistance. --- Food Availability. --- Food Commodities. --- Food Consumption. --- Food Distribution. --- Food Expenditures. --- Food Fortification. --- Food Insecurity. --- Food Policy. --- Food Prices. --- Food Producers. --- Food Production. --- Food Programmes. --- Food Programs. --- Food Provision. --- Food Ration. --- Food Rations. --- Food Relief. --- Food Security. --- Food Shortage. --- Food Stamp. --- Food Supply. --- Food Transfer. --- Food Vouchers. --- Food. --- Foods. --- Fruit. --- Global Food Production. --- Grains. --- Health Centers. --- Health Program. --- Health, Nutrition and Population. --- Home Ration. --- Household Consumption. --- Household Food Security. --- Household Income. --- Household Level. --- Household Size. --- Household Surveys. --- Household Welfare. --- Human Resources. --- Humanitarian Response. --- Income Transfer. --- Income. --- Industry. --- International Social Security. --- Labeling. --- Labor Supply. --- Lean Season. --- Legumes. --- Logistics. --- Maintenance Program. --- Maize. --- Malnutrition. --- Market Prices. --- Maternal-Child Health. --- Meal. --- Measures. --- Meat. --- Milk Powder. --- Natural Disasters. --- Nutrition Assistance. --- Nutrition Programs. --- Nutrition Training. --- Nutrition. --- Nutritional Benefits. --- Palm Oil. --- Pasta. --- Peanuts. --- Pensions. --- Political Economy. --- Poor. --- Potatoes. --- Poverty Line. --- Poverty Reduction. --- Poverty. --- Protection Systems. --- Provision of Goods. --- Public Action. --- Public Distribution System. --- Public Works. --- Pulses. --- Purchasing Power. --- Rations. --- Red Beans. --- Refugee Camps. --- Resource Allocation. --- Rice. --- Risk Management. --- Risks. --- Rural Poverty Reduction. --- Safety Net Programs. --- Safety Net Transfers. --- Safety Net. --- Safety Nets and Transfers. --- Savings. --- School Feeding Programs. --- School Feeding. --- School Fees. --- School Meals. --- Share of Transfers. --- Social Contract. --- Social Pensions. --- Social Protection. --- Social Protections and Labor. --- Social Safety Nets. --- Social Security. --- Social Spending. --- Social Transfer. --- Social Transfers. --- Staple Foods. --- Starch. --- Subsidies. --- Sugar. --- Supermarket. --- Targeting. --- Temporary Employment. --- Transaction Costs. --- Transfer Amount. --- Transfer Program. --- Transfers in Cash. --- Transfers. --- Tubers. --- Ultra Poor. --- Vegetables. --- Vouchers. --- Vulnerable Group. --- Welfare. --- Wheat Flour. --- Wheat. --- Works Program. --- World Food Programme.