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In 1904, China encouraged the business community to set up chambers of commerce in an effort to bridge the gulf between government officials and businessmen. They encouraged businesses to engage in industry and commerce, and to boost competitiveness with foreign capital investors. Over 45 years, spanning 1904 to 1949, Chinese chambers of commerce flourished and matured, and they played a key role in the structural and economic creation of modern China. This book documents the historical role of China's chambers of commerce. (Series: Economic History in China)
Trade associations --- Boards of trade --- Management --- Business & Economics --- Industrial Management --- History --- History. --- Chambers of commerce --- Trade, Boards of --- Business associations --- Industrial associations --- Trade and professional associations --- Commercial associations --- Associations, institutions, etc. --- Professional associations --- E-books
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What policies encourage firms to become formal? The standard approach emphasizes reducing the costs of compliance with government regulation. This is unlikely to be sufficient. Instead we need to understand compliance as a function not only of firm-level costs and benefits but also in terms of the interaction between the firm and its competitors and between the firm and the state. This paper emphasizes the coordination and credibility issues involved in promoting formalization and discusses possible institutional solutions, among them business associations that make the benefits of membership dependent on compliance, information sharing arrangements among government agencies and improvements in the quality of public management.
Access to Finance --- Business associations --- E-Business --- Economic activities --- Emerging Markets --- Entrepreneurs --- Environment --- Environmental Economics and Policies --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Government intervention --- Information sharing --- Microfinance --- Private enterprise --- Private Sector Development --- Public policy --- Small businesses --- Small enterprise --- Union
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Prior to 1989, the communist countries of Eastern Europe and the USSR lacked genuine employer and industry associations. After the collapse of communism, industry associations mushroomed throughout the region. Duvanova argues that abusive regulatory regimes discourage the formation of business associations and poor regulatory enforcement tends to encourage associational membership growth. Academic research often treats special interest groups as vehicles of protectionism and non-productive collusion. This book challenges this perspective with evidence of market-friendly activities by industry associations and their benign influence on patterns of public governance. Careful analysis of cross-national quantitative data spanning more than 25 countries, and qualitative examination of business associations in Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan and Croatia, shows that postcommunist business associations function as substitutes for state and private mechanisms of economic governance. These arguments and empirical findings put the long-standing issues of economic regulations, public goods and collective action in a new theoretical perspective.
Trade associations --- Pressure groups --- Advocacy groups --- Interest groups --- Political interest groups --- Special interest groups (Pressure groups) --- Functional representation --- Political science --- Representative government and representation --- Lobbying --- Policy networks --- Political action committees --- Social control --- Business associations --- Industrial associations --- Trade and professional associations --- Associations, institutions, etc. --- Professional associations --- E-books --- Social Sciences --- Political Science
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This paper analyzes the recent evolution and impact of the global economic crisis on the offshore services industry. Using a global value chains framework, the authors classify the offshore services sector in a comprehensive set of general and industry-specific activities that correspond to different segments and stages in the value-adding process for services. Through an analysis of the impact of the economic crisis on the industry, a small decline in demand was found; however this did not cause any structural changes in the market. The crisis has created two opposing effects: general contraction of demand by existing customers due to the recession; and, at the same time, a substitution effect by which new services are being moved from developed countries to emerging economies in search of cost reduction. The paper concludes that the offshore services industry will continue to offer growth opportunities for developing countries not only among existing market players, but also a range of new countries. The industry has the potential to become an important source for employment and economic growth around the globe.
Business associations --- Business intelligence --- Business models --- Business Process Outsourcing --- Business processes --- Business services --- Communication Technology --- Communities and Human Settlements --- Competitive environment --- Computer Science --- Consulting Services --- Content development --- Data Systems --- Decision makers --- Decision-making --- E-Business --- EGovernment --- Engineering services --- Housing & Human Habitats --- ICT Policy and Strategies --- Industry association --- Information and Communication Technologies --- Knowledge economy --- Private Sector Development --- Public Sector Corruption & Anticorruption Measures --- Public Sector Development --- Third-party providers --- Trade statistics --- Water and Industry --- Water Resources
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The authors examine competitiveness partnerships, which consist of structured dialogue between the public and private sector to improve the investment climate. The paper is designed to be used as a resource by donors, governments, or businesspeople who are interested in establishing, maintaining, or improving a competitiveness partnership in their country or region. The political and economic context of a country determines the kind of partnership that is feasible and likely to succeed, and there is no one-size-fits-all approach. But it is possible to distill some ideas and techniques from best practice as many public-private dialogue mechanisms face similar challenges. Drawing on the experiences of 40 countries, the authors make a positive case for building and maintaining competitiveness partnerships, and offer a selection of valuable insights into how practitioners can design them so as to avoid common pitfalls. They demonstrate that reforms that are designed through public-private dialogue are better conceived and more effectively implemented because they arise from increased mutual understanding between government and the business community. The paper has three parts. Part One outlines what competitiveness partnerships can achieve. Part Two describes how competitiveness partnerships function, presenting issues to consider when designing such partnerships and a range of ways in which they may be approached. Part Three identifies challenges that competitiveness partnerships have frequently faced and strategies that have been used to overcome them.
Banks and Banking Reform --- Best Practice --- Business --- Business Associations --- Business Environment --- Business in Development --- Businesses --- Civil Society --- Communication --- Communication Strategy --- Communications --- Competitiveness --- Competitiveness and Competition Policy --- Corporate Law --- E-Business --- Foreign Direct Investment --- Governance --- Impact Assessment --- Institutions --- Law and Development --- Legislative Reform --- Licenses --- Marketing --- Material --- National Governance --- Network --- Parliamentary Government --- Private Sector --- Private Sector Development --- Procurement --- Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures --- Public Sector Development --- Social Development --- Technical Staff
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Based on a number of historical documents, Breaking into the Monopoly examines how the commercial pressure groups of Glasgow, Liverpool, and Manchester organised nationwide campaigns to break into the British East India Company’s monopoly for free access to Asian markets from 1812-1813 and 1829-1833. The analysis includes various aspects of the campaigners’ motives, strategies, methods, and networks, as well as their relationship with the London mercantile society in nineteenth-century Britain. The author, Yukihisa Kumagai, brings new insights to the question regarding the connection between the rapidly growing provincial mercantile and manufacturing interests and Britain’s economic and imperial policies during the Industrial Revolution.
Monopolies --- Trade associations --- History --- East India Company --- History. --- Asia --- Great Britain --- Commerce --- Business associations --- Industrial associations --- Trade and professional associations --- Combinations in restraint of trade --- Commercial corners --- Corners, Commercial --- Engrossing --- Forestalling --- Governor and Company of Merchants of London, Trading into the East Indies --- United Company of Merchants of England, Trading to the East Indies --- English East India Company --- East India Company (English) --- East India Tea Company --- East-India Companie --- United East India Company --- Compagnie des Indes orientales d'Angleterre --- Compagnie unie de marchands d'Angleterre commerçans aux Indes orientales --- Tung Yin-tu kung ssu --- Honourable East-India Company --- Sharikat al-Hind al-Sharqīyah al-Barīṭānīyah --- Engelse Oost-Indische Maatschappy --- Kumpanī-i Hind-i Sharqī --- کمپنى هند شرقى --- Asian and Pacific Council countries --- Associations, institutions, etc. --- Professional associations --- Commercial crimes --- Trade regulation --- Competition --- Monopolistic competition --- Monopsonies --- Restraint of trade --- Trusts, Industrial --- English Company Trading to the East-Indies --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Eurasia --- E-books --- BUSINESS & ECONOMICS / Exports & Imports --- BUSINESS & ECONOMICS / International / General --- BUSINESS & ECONOMICS / International / Marketing --- POLITICAL SCIENCE / International Relations / Trade & Tariffs --- Īsṭa Iṇḍiyā Kampanī
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