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Economic order --- Economic policy and planning (general) --- Eastern and Central Europe --- Europe, Eastern --- Economic policy --- Economic conditions --- 330.342 <4-11> --- 338.24 (4-11) --- EEU / Central & Eastern Europe --- 339.113 --- 382.30 --- 330.548 --- 330.540 --- Economische ontwikkeling. Groeistadia--Oost-Europa --- Instrumenten van de economische politiek. Economische orde. Economisch politieke maatregelen. Stabilisering. Stimuleringsmaatregelen. Regulering. Financiele steunmaatregelen--Oost-Europa --- Buitenlandse investeringen. --- Handels- en wisselpolitiek in hun verband met de buitenlandse handel: algemeenheden. --- Nationalisatie. Privatiseringen. --- Socialistische stelsels: algemeenheden. --- East Europe --- Eastern Europe --- -Economic policy --- -330.342 <4-11> --- 330.342 <4-11> Economische ontwikkeling. Groeistadia--Oost-Europa --- 338.24 (4-11) Instrumenten van de economische politiek. Economische orde. Economisch politieke maatregelen. Stabilisering. Stimuleringsmaatregelen. Regulering. Financiele steunmaatregelen--Oost-Europa --- -Economic order --- -330.540 --- Socialistische stelsels: algemeenheden --- Nationalisatie. Privatiseringen --- Buitenlandse investeringen --- Handels- en wisselpolitiek in hun verband met de buitenlandse handel: algemeenheden --- Europe, Eastern - Economic policy - 1989 --- -Europe, Eastern - Economic conditions - 1989
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AA / International- internationaal --- DD / Eastern Germany - Ddr - Rda --- DE / Germany - Duitsland - Allemagne --- 333.111.0 --- 334.152.0 --- 333.110 --- 337.550 --- 334.151.20 --- 334.12 --- 333.432.6 --- Algemeenheden. Theoretische en beschrijvende studies. Centrale banken. --- Betrekkingen tussen de Europese Gemeenschappen en de lidstaten: algemeenheden. --- Centrale banken en parastatale kredietinstellingen: algemeen. Overheidsbemoeiïng inzake organisatie en verdeling van het krediet. --- Douane-unies (algemeenheden). --- Economische en monetaire unie van de Europese Gemeenschappen: algemeenheden. --- Economische unies. --- Markzone. Koppeling BF-DM. --- EEC / European Union - EU -Europese Unie - Union Européenne - UE --- 334.151.27 --- Europees monetair stelsel. --- 334.151.25 --- Rekeneenheid, gemeenschappelijke munt van de Europese Gemeenschappen. ECU. Euro. --- 334.154.2 --- 334.151.26 --- 334.154.1 --- Financieel recht in de Europese Gemeenschappen. Verzekeringen. --- Toezicht op het kapitaalverkeer in de Europese Gemeenschappen. --- Verkeer van personen en goederen. vestiging van personen. Technische beperkingen. Vrijheid van beroep. Openbare markten. Europese eenheidsmarkt. --- 334.151.21 --- Proceeding of a conference held in Washington on May 8, 1990. --- NBB congres --- Europese centrale bank. ESCB. Centrale banken. --- Conferences - Meetings --- Monetary policy --- Banks and banking, Central --- European Monetary Union --- EEC / European Union - EU -Europese Unie - Union Européenne - UE --- Centrale banken en parastatale kredietinstellingen: algemeen. Overheidsbemoeiïng inzake organisatie en verdeling van het krediet --- Economische en monetaire unie van de Europese Gemeenschappen: algemeenheden --- Europees monetair stelsel --- Centrale banken en parastatale kredietinstellingen: algemeen. Overheidsbemoeiïng inzake organisatie en verdeling van het krediet --- Financieel recht in de Europese Gemeenschappen. Verzekeringen --- Toezicht op het kapitaalverkeer in de Europese Gemeenschappen --- Verkeer van personen en goederen. vestiging van personen. Technische beperkingen. Vrijheid van beroep. Openbare markten. Europese eenheidsmarkt --- Algemeenheden. Theoretische en beschrijvende studies. Centrale banken --- Betrekkingen tussen de Europese Gemeenschappen en de lidstaten: algemeenheden --- Douane-unies (algemeenheden) --- Economische unies --- Markzone. Koppeling BF-DM --- Rekeneenheid, gemeenschappelijke munt van de Europese Gemeenschappen. ECU. Euro --- Europe --- Monetary policy - European Economic Community countries - Congresses --- Banks and banking, Central - European Economic Community countries - Congresses --- MONNAIE --- INTEGRATION MONETAIRE --- C.E.E. --- EUROPE --- CEE
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Competition, International --- Congresses --- European Economic Community --- Germany --- Economic policy --- History --- Foreign economic relations --- European Union --- -338 <430> --- 327.39 <430> --- AA / International- internationaal --- DD / Eastern Germany - Ddr - Rda --- DE / Germany - Duitsland - Allemagne --- 334.153.0 --- 337.550 --- 331.31 --- 334.12 --- 333.432.6 --- 331.32 --- 341.217 --- NBB congres --- International competition --- World economics --- International relations --- International trade --- War --- Congresses. --- Betrekkingen tussen de Europese Gemeenschappen en de geassocieerde of derde landen: algemeenheden. --- Douane-unies (algemeenheden). --- Economisch beleid. --- Economische unies. --- Markzone. Koppeling BF-DM. --- Structuur van de economie. --- Verenigingen van staten. Bondgenootschappen. --- Economic aspects --- -Congresses. --- 338 <430> --- Economisch beleid --- Structuur van de economie --- Markzone. Koppeling BF-DM --- Economische unies --- Betrekkingen tussen de Europese Gemeenschappen en de geassocieerde of derde landen: algemeenheden --- Douane-unies (algemeenheden) --- Verenigingen van staten. Bondgenootschappen --- CEE --- Evropeĭskiĭ Soi︠u︡z --- C.E.E. --- Communauté économique européenne --- Comunidad Económica Europea --- Comunità economica europea --- EEC --- EC --- Europäische Wirtschaftsgemeinschaft --- Europejska Wspólnota Gospodarcza --- Europese Economische Gemeenschap --- Európai Gazdasági Közösség --- EHS --- Kurapʻa Kyŏngje Kongdongchʻe --- Kurapʻa Kongdong Sijang --- EEG --- Evropeĭska ikonomicheska obshtnost --- Evropské hospodářské spolecenstvi --- Comunidade Económica Europeia --- EWG --- Europæiske økonomiske fællesskab --- EØF --- Koinē Agora --- EOK --- MCE --- Mercado Común Europeo --- Europeiske økonomiske fellesskap --- Evropeĭskoe ėkonomicheskoe soobshchestvo --- MEC --- Evropska ekonomska zaednica --- EZZ --- Common Market --- Marché commun --- EĖS --- Avrupa Ekonomik Topluluğu --- AET --- Müşterek Pazar --- Ortak Pazar --- Sūq al-Ūrūbbīyah al-Mushtarakah --- Mercado Comum --- Europaikē Oikonomikē Koinotēta --- Evropska gospodarska skupnost --- Mercato comune --- EEZ --- Evropska ekonomska zajednica --- Euroopan Yhteisö --- EY --- EIO --- Shuḳ ha-Eropi ha-meʼuḥad --- Suq Komuni --- Eurōpaïkē Koinotēta --- Comunidade Européia --- Mercado Comum Europeau --- Unia Europejska --- Koinotēta --- E.G. --- קהילה האירופית --- קהילייה האירופאית --- שוק הארופאי המשותף --- Evropeisku Félagsmarknaðin --- EF --- Weimar Republic --- Germanii︠a︡ --- Германия --- BRD --- FRN --- Jirmānīya --- جرمانيا --- Nimechchyna --- Gjermani --- Federalʹna Respublika Nimechchyny --- Veĭmarskai︠a︡ Respublika --- Ashkenaz --- Germanyah --- Bundesrepublik Deutschland --- Federal Republic of Germany --- Deutschland --- Repoblika Federalin'i Alemana --- República Federal de Alemania --- Alemania --- República de Alemania --- Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh German Uls --- Kholboony Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh German Uls --- KhBNGU --- ХБНГУ --- German Uls --- Germania --- Republika Federal Alemmana --- Deutsches Reich --- Grossdeutsches Reich --- Weimarer Republik --- Vācijā --- Germany (Territory under Allied occupation, 1945-1955) --- Germany (Territory under Allied occupation, 1945-1955 : British Zone) --- Germany (Territory under Allied occupation, 1945-1955 : French Zone) --- Germany (Territory under Allied occupation, 1945-1955 : Russian Zone) --- Germany (Territory under Allied occupation, 1945-1955 : U.S. Zone) --- Germany (East) --- Germany (West) --- Holy Roman Empire --- ドイツ --- Doitsu --- ドイツ連邦共和国 --- Doitsu Renpō Kyōwakoku --- ドイツ レンポウ キョウワコク --- Deguo --- 德国 --- Gėrman --- Герман Улс --- Competition, International - Congresses --- Germany - Economic policy - 1990- - Congresses --- Germany - History - Unification, 1990 - Congresses --- Germany - Foreign economic relations - Congresses --- CEE (European Economic Community) --- C.E.E. (European Economic Community) --- EEC (European Economic Community)
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Paul J. J. Welfens European monetary union has been discussed for more than three decades and is likely to be realized in 1999. One may anticipate generous interpretations of the fiscal convergence criteria. Such generosity consistent with the Maastricht Treaty might impair the credibility of the ECB and the stability of the Euro, respectively, despite the fact that inflation is a monetary phenomenon and has little to do with government deficits, unless they were financed via the printing press, which is excluded in the Maastricht Treaty. The European Commission's forecast of spring 1997 suggests that Italy will have problems in joining the EMU starter group as the is expected to be 3. 2% in 1997 and even 3. 9% in 1998. A Italian deficitlGDP ratio fully developed EMU group (with all 15 cowltries included) would represent 38% of the OECD GDP, slightly higher than the U. S. with 33% (Japan 21%). The exports/GDP ratio of EU countries is 30%, the ratio with respect to exports outside the EU would be 10% (Japan, U. S. 8%). The share of the U. S. dollar in international currency reserves fell from 67% to 40% in 1995, while the share of European currencies increased from 13% to 37%. Prior to the EMU, market participants have to anticipate whether a transition to 1999 will bring windfall losses or gains in various bond markets.
AA / International- internationaal --- EEC / European Union - EU -Europese Unie - Union Européenne - UE --- 334.151.20 --- 333.453 --- 333.432.0 --- Monetary unions --- -Monetary policy --- -332.4566094 --- Monetary management --- Economic policy --- Currency boards --- Money supply --- Common currencies --- Currency areas --- Currency unions --- Optimum currency areas --- Currency question --- Money --- Economische en monetaire unie van de Europese Gemeenschappen: algemeenheden. --- Internationale munt. Rekeneenheden. --- Monetaire akkoorden en conventies: algemeenheden. --- European Monetary System (Organization) --- Système monétaire européen (Organization) --- Europäisches Währungssystem (Organization) --- Sistema Monetario Europeo (Organization) --- Europees Monetair System (Organization) --- Europæisk monetær system (Organization) --- Euroopan valuuttajärjestelmä --- EMS (European Monetary System) --- E.M.S. (European Monetary System) --- EWS (European Monetary System) --- E.W.S. (European Monetary System) --- SME (European Monetary System) --- S.M.E. (European Monetary System) --- Monetary policy --- 332.4566094 --- Monetaire akkoorden en conventies: algemeenheden --- Internationale munt. Rekeneenheden --- Economische en monetaire unie van de Europese Gemeenschappen: algemeenheden --- Finance. --- International economics. --- Finance, general. --- International Economics. --- Economic policy, Foreign --- Economic relations, Foreign --- Economics, International --- Foreign economic policy --- Foreign economic relations --- Interdependence of nations --- International economic policy --- International economics --- New international economic order --- International relations --- Economic sanctions --- Funding --- Funds --- Economics
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AA / International- internationaal --- 334.151.20 --- 334.151.27 --- Monetary policy --- -Banks and banking, Central --- -Monetary policy --- -332.494 --- Ui1 --- Monetary management --- Economic policy --- Currency boards --- Money supply --- Banker's banks --- Banks, Central --- Central banking --- Central banks --- Banks and banking --- Economische en monetaire unie van de Europese Gemeenschappen: algemeenheden. --- Europees monetair stelsel. --- European Monetary System (Organization) --- Système monétaire européen (Organization) --- Europäisches Währungssystem (Organization) --- Sistema Monetario Europeo (Organization) --- Europees Monetair System (Organization) --- Europæisk monetær system (Organization) --- Euroopan valuuttajärjestelmä --- EMS (European Monetary System) --- E.M.S. (European Monetary System) --- EWS (European Monetary System) --- E.W.S. (European Monetary System) --- SME (European Monetary System) --- S.M.E. (European Monetary System) --- Banks and banking, Central --- 332.494 --- Economische en monetaire unie van de Europese Gemeenschappen: algemeenheden --- Europees monetair stelsel
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High unemployment rates in the period of an internationalization of economies and an intensified technological competition are the main problems that exist in most EU countries. Taking stock of unemployment patterns, technological trends and employment opportunities in the EU and the US is crucial for the reform debate in Europe. In continental Europe, major problems are an insufficient creation of new firms in innovative technology fields, inadequate labor market developments and inconsistent R&D policies. Founded on new data evaluations, the book presents an innovative analysis of these topics and shows opportunities for reforms.
Competition, International. --- Technological innovations --- Labor supply --- Economic history --- Economic aspects --- Effect of technological innovations on --- Competition, International --- -Labor supply --- -Technological innovations --- -AA / International- internationaal --- 332.691 --- 338.043 --- 338.6 --- Breakthroughs, Technological --- Innovations, Industrial --- Innovations, Technological --- Technical innovations --- Technological breakthroughs --- Technological change --- Creative ability in technology --- Inventions --- Domestication of technology --- Innovation relay centers --- Research, Industrial --- Technology transfer --- Labor force --- Labor force participation --- Labor pool --- Work force --- Workforce --- Labor market --- Human capital --- Labor mobility --- Manpower --- Manpower policy --- Economic conditions --- History, Economic --- Economics --- International competition --- World economics --- International relations --- International trade --- War --- Effect of technological innovation on --- -Evolutie van de arbeidsmarkt. --- Technologische vooruitgang. Automatisering. Computers. Werkgelegenheid en informatica. --- Wetenschappelijk onderzoek en ontwikkeling. --- AA / International- internationaal --- Evolutie van de arbeidsmarkt --- Technologische vooruitgang. Automatisering. Computers. Werkgelegenheid en informatica --- Wetenschappelijk onderzoek en ontwikkeling --- Labor economics. --- Economic policy. --- Leadership. --- Labor Economics. --- R & D/Technology Policy. --- Business Strategy/Leadership. --- Ability --- Command of troops --- Followership --- Economic nationalism --- Economic planning --- National planning --- State planning --- Planning --- National security --- Social policy
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"From Thunberg to Trump: there are many voices in climate policy. This is a highly recommendable and rational contribution with a focus on economic aspects of an effective and internationally oriented climate policy. Many new insights!" - Prof. Dr. Raimund Bleischwitz, Chair in Sustainable Global Resources, University College London, till December 2021. Scientific Director, Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Bremen, since January 2022. This book considers climate change from an economic and international policy perspective. It argues that an emissions trading systems (ETS) should first be adopted in all G20 countries with those national ETS then integrated into a global ETS. The topic of global warming is at the forefront of international discussions, especially given recent environmental policy changes in the US under Presidents Trump and Biden and the emergence of the Fridays For Future movement. Combatting climate change does not necessitate a trade-off between economic growth and climate policy provided that the latter is consistently linked to new economic policy. Policymakers should support innovation, effective redistribution policies and modern mobility concepts. Moreover, there are crucial links between financial market dynamics and price dynamics in ETS. If measures discussed here are coordinated effectively in the EU/G20, and at the global level, then climate neutrality could be achieved. Paul JJ Welfens is President of the European Institute for International Economic Relations (EIIW) at the University of Wuppertal, Germany, where he holds the Chair for Macroeconomics and Jean Monnet Professorship for European Economic Integration. He is a Research Fellow at IZA, Bonn, and Non-Resident Senior Fellow at AICGS/Johns Hopkins University, Washington DC.
Economic policy and planning (general) --- Economics --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- economie --- economische politiek --- milieuzorg --- Climatic changes --- Power resources. --- Economic aspects.
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Debts, Public --- Economic stabilization --- Euro --- Eurozone --- Financial crises --- Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 --- Monetary policy --- Economic and Monetary Union. --- European Union countries --- Economic policy.
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Macroeconomics --- Technological innovations --- Economic aspects
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