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Index number theory informs us that if data on matched prices and quantities are available, a superlative index number formula is best to aggregate heterogeneous items, and a unit value index to aggregate homogeneous ones. The formulas can give very different results. Neglected is the practical case of broadly comparable items. This paper provides a formal analysis as to why such formulas differ and proposes a solution to this index number problem.

Business & Economics --- Economic Theory --- Index numbers (Economics) --- Economic indicators. --- Business indicators --- Economic indicators --- Indicators, Business --- Indicators, Economic --- Leading indicators --- Numbers, Index --- Economic history --- Quality of life --- Economic forecasting --- Social indicators --- Economics --- Prices --- Indexation (Economics) --- Macroeconomics --- Index Numbers and Aggregation --- leading indicators --- Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Microeconomic Data --- Price Level --- Inflation --- Deflation --- Production, Pricing, and Market Structure --- Size Distribution of Firms --- Information and Product Quality --- Standardization and Compatibility --- Price indexes --- Export price indexes

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A key element in the build-up to the global recession and subsequently was the movement in house price indexes (HPIs). These indexes are particularly prone to methodological and coverage differences which can undermine both within-country and cross-country economic analysis. The paper outlines key measurement issues and reports on empirical work using an international panel data set that (i) considers whether differences in HPI measurement matter and, if so, in what way, and (ii) revisits the measurement of global house price inflation and the modeling of the determinants of house price inflation using HPIs corrected for differences in measurement practice.

Finance --- Business & Economics --- Financial Management & Planning --- Foreign Exchange --- Inflation --- Macroeconomics --- Time-Series Models --- Dynamic Quantile Regressions --- Dynamic Treatment Effect Models --- Diffusion Processes --- State Space Models --- Price Level --- Deflation --- Economywide Country Studies: Asia including Middle East --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Exchange rate pass-through --- Exchange rate adjustments --- Exchange rates --- Consumer price indexes --- Prices --- Price indexes --- Infrastructure --- Real Estate --- Index Numbers and Aggregation --- leading indicators --- Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Housing Supply and Markets --- Economic Development: Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis --- Housing --- Property & real estate --- Housing prices --- House price indexes --- Asset prices --- National accounts --- Saving and investment --- Maldives --- United Kingdom

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Hedonic regressions are used for property price index measurement to control for changes in the quality-mix of properties transacted. The paper consolidates the hedonic time dummy approach, characteristics approach, and imputation approaches. A practical hedonic methodology is proposed that (i) is weighted at a basic level; (ii) has a new (quasi-) superlative form and thus mitigates substitution bias; (iii) is suitable for sparse data in thin markets; and (iv) only requires the periodic estimation of hedonic regressions for reference periods and is not subject to the vagrancies of misspecification and estimation issues.

Housing --- Hedonic damages --- Inflation (Finance) --- Prices --- Mathematical models. --- Finance --- Natural rate of unemployment --- Loss of enjoyment of life damages --- Quality of life damages --- Damages --- Affordable housing --- Homes --- Houses --- Housing needs --- Residences --- Slum clearance --- Urban housing --- City planning --- Dwellings --- Human settlements --- Law and legislation --- Social aspects --- Investments: Metals --- Inflation --- Macroeconomics --- Real Estate --- Index Numbers and Aggregation --- leading indicators --- Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Price Level --- Deflation --- Housing Supply and Markets --- Nonagricultural and Nonresidential Real Estate Markets --- Metals and Metal Products --- Cement --- Glass --- Ceramics --- Property & real estate --- Investment & securities --- Price indexes --- Land prices --- Consumer price indexes --- Silver --- Commodities --- United States

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The Consumer Price Index Manual (2004) provides guidelines for aggregation formulas that are promulgated at IMF training courses and technical assistance missions. This paper develops elementary level aggregation theory to better inform users and compilers. Most countries use either the Dutot or Jevons index formula. These formulas generally give different results; advice on choice of formula matters. Using an approach based on sample estimators, and an illustration based on scanner data, the paper shows how differences in these formulas can be explained by changes in price dispersion and, in turn, by product heterogeneity. Implications for choice of formula are considered.

Consumer price indexes. --- Electronic books. -- local. --- Price indexes. --- Business & Economics --- Economic Theory --- Price indices --- Consumer price index --- Cost of living indexes --- CPIs (Consumer price indexes) --- Retail price indexes --- Index numbers (Economics) --- Cost and standard of living --- Price indexes --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Demography --- Price Level --- Inflation --- Deflation --- Demographic Economics: General --- Labor Economics: General --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Population & demography --- Labour --- income economics --- Public finance & taxation --- Consumer price indexes --- Population and demographics --- Labor --- Expenditure --- Population --- Labor economics --- Expenditures, Public --- United Kingdom