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This paper studies the technical efficiency of airports in Latin America. The evolution of productive efficiency in the region has seldom been studied, mainly due to lack of publicly available data. Relying on a unique dataset that was obtained through questionnaires distributed to airport operators, the authors use Data Envelopment Analysis methods to compute an efficient production frontier and compare the technical efficiency of Latin American airports relative to airports around the world. In a second stage, they estimate a truncated regression to study the drivers of observed differences in airport efficiency. According to the results, institutional variables (private/public operation), the socioeconomic environment (level of gross domestic product), and airport characteristics (hub airport, share of commercial revenues) matter in explaining airport productive efficiency. Finally, the authors compute total factor productivity changes for Latin American airports for 1995-2007. The region has implemented a wide variety of private sector participation schemes for the operation of airports since the mid 1990s. The results show that private operators have not had higher rates of total factor productivity change.

Air cargo --- Air transport --- Air transport market --- Air transport sector --- Aircraft --- Aircraft movements --- Airlines --- Airport --- Airport concessions --- Airport sector --- Airports and Air Services --- Commercial revenues --- Education --- Efficiency of airports --- Export Competitiveness --- Hub --- Hub airport --- Hub airports --- Infrastructure Economics --- Infrastructure Economics and Finance --- International Economics and Trade --- Knowledge for Development --- Operation of airports --- Passengers --- Private sector participation --- Total air --- Traffic --- Transport --- Transport Economics Policy & Planning

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BMLIK

Labour market --- Pensioenen --- Pensions --- pensioen --- #SBIB:316.334.2A85 --- #SBIB:316.334.2A343 --- #SBIB:316.8H14 --- #SBIB:HIVA --- #A9511A --- BE / Belgium - België - Belgique --- 202 --- 307.114 --- 332.622.1 --- 09.02.a --- gepensioneerden --- oudere werknemers --- levensstandaard --- 10.02.d --- Bijzondere arbeidsproblemen: opruststelling en pensioen --- Arbeidssociologie: ongelijkheden op de arbeidsmarkt: positie van jongeren en ouderen op de arbeidsmarkt --- Welzijns- en sociale problemen: bejaarden --- Sociale organisatie. --- Tellingen van de beroepen. --- Werkloosheid volgens leeftijd. Jeugdwerkloosheid. Werkloosheid van oudere werknemers. --- Sociale verzekering ; Nederland ; Algemeen --- 362.6 --- 331.05 --- 339 --- Statistieken ; Demografische statistieken --- Arbeidsmarkt --- Sociale organisatie --- Tellingen van de beroepen --- Werkloosheid volgens leeftijd. Jeugdwerkloosheid. Werkloosheid van oudere werknemers --- pensioenen

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In this paper, we describe the changes of (early) retirement programs over time and study the link between trends in elderly labor force participation and youth unemployment. From a theoretical point of view, there is no convincing argument that the idea of a lump-of-labor should hold. Our empirical results comfort this finding, and indicate a very weak link, if any, between elderly retirement and activity among the young and the prime-age populations.

Retirees --- Youth --- Retirement age. --- Pensions --- Compensation --- Pension plans --- Retirement pensions --- Superannuation --- Retirement income --- Annuities --- Social security individual investment accounts --- Vested benefits --- Age of retirement --- Pension age --- Age and employment --- Retirement, Mandatory --- Young people --- Young persons --- Youngsters --- Youths --- Age groups --- Life cycle, Human --- Employment. --- Employment --- Labor --- Demography --- Economics of the Elderly --- Economics of the Handicapped --- Non-labor Market Discrimination --- Retirement --- Retirement Policies --- Labor Standards: Labor Force Composition --- Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search --- Demand and Supply of Labor: General --- Labour --- income economics --- Population & demography --- Aging --- Labor force participation --- Unemployment --- Labor markets --- Population aging --- Labor market --- Belgium --- Income economics

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In de zomer van 2010 werd de pilootstudie uitgerold omtrent de bevraging via een enquête (SUBLEC- Survey on the Black Economy) van 'aangegeven en niet-aangegeven inkomen en arbeid'. De bedoeling was de omvang, de aard, en de motieven te kennen van zowel de sociale als fiscale fraude en uitkeringsfraude. Door de burger rechtstreeks te vragen naar zijn fraudegedrag krijgen wij misschien maar het topje van de ijsberg te zien, maar het leert alvast iets bij over hoe deze fraude tot stand komt, en ook hoe het zou kunnen vermeden worden.Dit onderzoek kadert in een reeks van wetenschappelijke studies die de jongste jaren door het Federaal Wetenschapsbeleid werd gelanceerd omtrent de sociale en fiscale fraude.Bron : http://www.uitgeverijacco.be

Labour market --- Taxes --- Economic structure --- Belgium --- Welfare fraud --- Case studies --- Tax evasion --- Income tax --- Academic collection --- BPB1204 --- Fraude sociale --- Travail au noir --- Fraude fiscale --- Belgique --- #SBIB:316.8H40 --- #SBIB:35H437 --- #SBIB:35H52 --- #SBIB:316.334.2A300 --- fraude fiscale --- fraude sociale --- belgie --- BE / Belgium - België - Belgique --- 336.208 --- 343.35 --- Sociale fraude --- Zwartwerk --- Belastingfraude --- België --- Sociaal beleid: social policy, sociale zekerheid, verzorgingsstaat --- Beleidssectoren: sociale zekerheid --- Ethiek van bestuur en beleid --- Arbeidssociologie: arbeidsmarkt en werkloosheid: algemeen --- fiscale fraude --- sociale fraude --- belgique --- Grondslag, vereffening, inning en controle van de belastingen. Fiscale fraude. Zwartwerk. Parallelle economie. --- Misdrijven tegen de openbare administratie, de belasting- en administratieve wetgeving. --- Fraude --- Fraudebestrijding --- Fiscaliteit --- Strafrecht : Fraude --- Bélgica --- Belgija --- Belgien --- Belgie --- Belgicko --- Beļģija --- Белгија --- Belgio --- Белгия --- Belgia --- il-Belġju --- An Bheilg --- Βέλγιο --- Belgjika --- Belgia Kuningriik --- Beļģijas Karaliste --- Royaume de Belgique --- Belgian kuningaskunta --- Belgické kráľovstvo --- Koninkrijk België --- Belgijos Karalystė --- das Königreich Belgien --- Βασίλειο του Βελγίου --- Kingdom of Belgium --- Кралство Белгија --- Краљевина Белгија --- Belgické království --- Reino de Bélgica --- ir-Renju tal-Belġju --- Regatul Belgiei --- Kongeriget Belgien --- Кралство Белгия --- Mbretëria e Belgjikës --- Belga Királyság --- Królestwo Belgii --- Konungariket Belgien --- Reino da Bélgica --- Kraljevina Belgija --- Regno del Belgio --- davčna utaja --- Steuerhinterziehung --- daňový únik --- evażjoni tat-taxxa --- frode fiscale --- утаја пореза --- skattesvig --- tax evasion --- oszustwo podatkowe --- utaja poreza --- fraudă fiscală --- отклонение на данъци --- φοροδιαφυγή --- maksudest kõrvalehoidumine --- evazion tatimor --- mokesčių vengimas --- adókijátszás --- skattefusk --- calaois fhioscach --- belastingfraude --- veropetos --- затајување данок --- izvairīšanās no nodokļu maksāšanas --- zkrácení daně --- fraude fiscal --- избегнување даночна обврска --- calaois chánach --- неплаќање данок кон државата --- adócsalás --- даночна измама --- illecito fiscale --- Steuerverkürzung --- даночна евазија --- Steuerbetrug --- πάταξη της φοροδιαφυγής --- фискална измама --- defraudación tributaria --- neoficiāls darbs --- nelegalus darbas --- работа на черно --- trabalho ilegal --- λαθραία απασχόληση --- svart arbete --- mbajtja e një pune të dytë --- moonlighting --- sort arbejde --- muncă ilegală --- trabajo clandestino --- must töö --- zwartwerk --- lavoro nero --- praca na czarno --- feketemunka --- práca načierno --- rad na crno --- рад на црно --- pimeä työ --- práce na černo --- работа на црно --- delo na črno --- Schwarzarbeit --- impjieg illegali --- kuutamourakointi --- тајно запослење --- λαθραία εργασία --- nelegálne zamestnanie --- nepieteikta nodarbinātība --- illegalt arbejde --- непријавена работа --- laiton työnteko --- непријављен рад --- παράνομη απασχόληση --- Pfusch --- παράνομη εργασία --- lavoro illegale --- nezákonné zaměstnání --- deklareerimata töö --- nielegalna praca --- punësim klandestin --- travail noir --- illegal employment --- xogħol minn taħt --- laiton työ --- niezgłoszone zatrudnienie --- illegal anställning --- svartjobb --- xogħol bla ktieb --- nezákonná práce --- rad u fušu --- илегални рад --- undeclared employment --- svartarbete --- munca fără forme legale --- empleo ilegal --- ulovligt arbejde --- muncă la negru --- impjieg mhux iddikjarat --- nuslėptasis užimtumas --- illegale tewerkstelling --- neoficialus darbas --- lavoro in nero --- ilegalno zapošljavanje --- trabalho clandestino --- nelegálna práca --- lavoro clandestino --- travail illégal --- angajat nedeclarat la fisc --- незаконна работа --- Pfuscharbeit --- punësim i paligjshëm --- puna e padeklaruar --- недеклариран труд --- nelegāls darbs --- emploi illégal --- незаконска работа --- nezakonito zaposlovanje --- nezakonito zapošljavanje i rad --- neteisėtas darbas --- nelegální práce --- ilmoittamaton työ --- ebaseaduslik töö --- illegális foglalkoztatás --- ulovlig beskæftigelse --- clandestine employment --- niezgłoszona praca --- punësim i padeklaruar --- nezakonita zaposlitev --- harmaa työ --- незаконно наемане на работа --- illegalt arbete --- undeclared work --- trabalho a negro --- nielegalne zatrudnienie --- trabajo negro --- trabajo ilegal --- punë e paligjshme --- illegal work --- čierna práca --- illegale Beschäftigung --- emprego ilegal --- illegaal werk --- illegális munkavégzés --- nelegāla nodarbinātība --- melouch --- nezakonito delo --- Grondslag, vereffening, inning en controle van de belastingen. Fiscale fraude. Zwartwerk. Parallelle economie --- Misdrijven tegen de openbare administratie, de belasting- en administratieve wetgeving --- Droit pénal : Fraude --- imghabháil cánach --- obair faoi choim --- mokesčių slėpimas --- Fraude à la sécurité sociale