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The end ofthe Cold War opened unprecedented opportunities for reductions in weapons of mass destruction. With these opportunities came new challenges, both scientific and political. Traditionally approached by different groups, the scientific, technical and political challenges are inextricably intertwined. Agreements to dismantle and destroy chemical, nuclear and conventional weapons, after having been negotiated via diplomatic channels, require the expertise of scientists associated with their development to determine the safest and most environmentally sound methods of destruction. It is in this context that representatives from sixteen countries and five international organizations were convened jointly by NATO, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Federal Republic of Germany and the State Government of North Rhine Westphalia 19-21 May, 1996 in a meeting near Bonn to take stock of worldwide efforts to destroy and dismantle chemical, nuclear and conventional weapons remaining after the end ofthe Cold War. NATO support was provided under the auspices of the NATO Science Committee's Panel on Disarmament Technologies. The conference brought together the major actors involved in the dismantlement and destruction of chemical, nuclear and conventional weapons, highlighted the substantial accomplishments achieved in this area and pinpointed the remaining technical obstacles still to be overcome. It also underlined the critical importance of transparency, data exchange and verification as indispensable preconditions for disarmament and cooperative security.

chemische wapens --- ontwapening --- kernwapens --- Polemology --- biologische wapens --- Disarmament --- Congresses --- Arsenals --- Waste disposal --- Political science. --- International relations. --- Environmental management. --- Social sciences. --- Business. --- Management science. --- Environment. --- Political Science. --- International Relations. --- Environmental Management. --- Social Sciences, general. --- Business and Management, general. --- Environment, general. --- Quantitative business analysis --- Management --- Problem solving --- Operations research --- Statistical decision --- Trade --- Economics --- Commerce --- Industrial management --- Behavioral sciences --- Human sciences --- Sciences, Social --- Social science --- Social studies --- Civilization --- Environmental stewardship --- Stewardship, Environmental --- Environmental sciences --- Coexistence --- Foreign affairs --- Foreign policy --- Foreign relations --- Global governance --- Interdependence of nations --- International affairs --- Peaceful coexistence --- World order --- National security --- Sovereignty --- World politics --- Administration --- Civil government --- Commonwealth, The --- Government --- Political theory --- Political thought --- Politics --- Science, Political --- Social sciences --- State, The

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September 11, 2001 in the U.S., March 11, 2004 in Madrid – just two examples of a series of major terror attacks against NATO member states on both sides of the Atlantic. We now know that international terrorism is capable of transboundary planning and military style execution of attacks, resulting in several thousand dead and wounded. In the future even larger terror attacks can no longer be ruled out, including the deployment of weapons of mass destruction. This new form of catastrophic terrorism poses a major challenge to the first responder community in their search and rescue operations, since these new threats represent an unprecedented risk for their health, possibly even questioning their own survival. Since the first responders are the first line of defence of every community in the aftermath of such a terror attack, it is essential for every community to ensure that its first responders are able to provide their valuable services even in such extreme situations. In this important new book a group of experts represents the current knowledge on the various terrorism threats to first responders resulting from the novel use of conventional weapons, as well radiological, nuclear, biological and chemical weapons. Also, the current situation in selected countries of different sizes and practical experience with terrorism countermeasures (Austria, Israel, Slovenia, Russia, U.S.) is reviewed, focusing on the national operational logistics and the individual needs for improving the present situation. Finally, this book offers innovative solutions to strengthen the level of protection of the first responders, culminating in fifty-one practically applicable recommendations.

Terrorism --- Terrorisme --- Congresses. --- Congrès --- EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT --- CIVIL DEFENSE --- DISASTER RELIEF --- TERRORISM --- Terrorism. --- Safety Management --- Emergency Medical Services --- Disaster Planning --- Environmental Exposure --- Environmental Pollution --- Safety --- Risk Management --- Health Services --- Violence --- Organization and Administration --- Disasters --- Health Care Facilities, Manpower, and Services --- Health Services Administration --- Crime --- Environment --- Public Health --- Accident Prevention --- Social Problems --- Environment and Public Health --- Accidents --- Health Care --- Sociology --- Criminology --- Social Sciences --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- Social Sciences - General --- Criminology, Penology & Juvenile Delinquency --- Social Welfare & Social Work --- North Atlantic Treaty Organization. --- North Atlantic treaty organisation --- North Atlantic Treaty Organization --- Social sciences. --- Chemistry. --- Medicine. --- Life sciences. --- Physics. --- Social Sciences. --- Social Sciences, general. --- Physics, general. --- Chemistry/Food Science, general. --- Medicine/Public Health, general. --- Life Sciences, general. --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Biosciences --- Sciences, Life --- Science --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Behavioral sciences --- Human sciences --- Sciences, Social --- Social science --- Social studies --- Civilization --- NAVO --- OTAN --- Health Workforce