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What are the global implications of the looming shortage of Internet addresses and the slow deployment of the new IPv6 protocol designed to solve this problem? This book looks at this question and much more.

Internet governance. --- Telecommunication --- International cooperation. --- INFORMATION SCIENCE/Internet Studies --- INFORMATION SCIENCE/Technology & Policy

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Over the past thirty years, the world's patent systems have experienced pressure from civil society like never before. From farmers to patient advocates, new voices are arguing that patents impact public health, economic inequality, morality-and democracy. These challenges, to domains that we usually consider technical and legal, may seem surprising. But in Patent Politics, Shobita Parthasarathy argues that patent systems have always been deeply political and social. To demonstrate this, Parthasarathy takes readers through a particularly fierce and prolonged set of controversies over patents on life forms linked to important advances in biology and agriculture and potentially life-saving medicines. Comparing battles over patents on animals, human embryonic stem cells, human genes, and plants in the United States and Europe, she shows how political culture, ideology, and history shape patent system politics. Clashes over whose voices and which values matter in the patent system, as well as what counts as knowledge and whose expertise is important, look quite different in these two places. And through these debates, the United States and Europe are developing very different approaches to patent and innovation governance. Not just the first comprehensive look at the controversies swirling around biotechnology patents, Patent Politics is also the first in-depth analysis of the political underpinnings and implications of modern patent systems, and provides a timely analysis of how we can reform these systems around the world to maximize the public interest.

Biotechnology --- Patent laws and legislation --- Bioethics --- History. --- biotechnology. --- comparison. --- controversy. --- expertise. --- innovation. --- morality. --- patent. --- political culture. --- political ideology. --- science and technology policy.

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"Mailland places lawyers and the law at the center of the history of videogames, reconstructing traditional histories of games to include the social impact of lawyers and the law"--

Video games --- Video games industry --- Game laws. --- Law and legislation --- History. --- GAMES & ACTIVITIES / Video & Mobile --- POLITICAL SCIENCE / Public Policy / Science & Technology Policy --- LAW / Legal History

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The process of firms’ growth – in terms of productivity or employment – is a major concern of policy makers. In this context, innovations are considered to play a crucial role in stimulating firms’ performance. This book investigates this general hypothesis by looking at three topics: 1. Does innovation lead to an increase in employment growth? 2. Does innovation boost labour productivity? 3. Does innovation in one period improve innovation performance in subsequent periods? Based on a comprehensive innovation panel dataset for German firms, this book presents detailed results for each question, in particular by separating the effects induced by new products from those induced by the introduction of new production technologies. From a theoretical point of view, amongst others, a new multi-product model has been developed to study employment effects.

Technological innovations --- Economic aspects --- Economic policy. --- Industrial organization. --- Microeconomics. --- R & D/Technology Policy. --- Industrial Organization. --- Price theory --- Economics --- Industries --- Organization --- Industrial concentration --- Industrial management --- Industrial sociology --- Economic nationalism --- Economic planning --- National planning --- State planning --- Planning --- National security --- Social policy

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Looking at knowledge as a shared resource: experts discuss how to define, protect, and build the knowledge commons in the digital age. "Knowledge in digital form offers unprecedented access to information through the Internet but at the same time is subject to ever-greater restrictions through intellectual property legislation, overpatenting, licensing, overpricing, and lack of preservation. Looking at knowledge as a commons--as a shared resource--allows us to understand both its limitless possibilities and what threatens it. In Understanding Knowledge as a Commons, experts from a range of disciplines discuss the knowledge commons in the digital era--how to conceptualize it, protect it, and build it. Contributors consider the concept of the commons historically and offer an analytical framework for understanding knowledge as a shared social-ecological system. They look at ways to guard against enclosure of the knowledge commons, considering, among other topics, the role of research libraries, the advantages of making scholarly material available outside the academy, and the problem of disappearing Web pages. They discuss the role of intellectual property in a new knowledge commons, the open access movement (including possible funding models for scholarly publications), the development of associational commons, the application of a free/open source framework to scientific knowledge, and the effect on scholarly communication of collaborative communities within academia, and offer a case study of EconPort, an open access, open source digital library for students and researchers in microeconomics. The essays clarify critical issues that arise within these new types of commons--and offer guideposts for future theory and practice."

Knowledge management. --- Information commons. --- Commons, Information --- Commons, Learning --- Learning commons --- Management of knowledge assets --- Management --- Information technology --- Intellectual capital --- Organizational learning --- INFORMATION SCIENCE/Technology & Policy --- INFORMATION SCIENCE/General --- Knowledge management --- Information commons