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The field of marine polysaccharides is constantly evolving, due to progress in the discovery and production of new marine polysaccharides. Seaweed remains the most abundant source of polysaccharides, but recent advances in biotechnology have allowed the production of large quantities of polysaccharides from a variety of micro-algae, by controlling growth conditions and tailoring the production of bioactive compounds in a bioreactor. Of particular interest are polysaccharides produced by micro-organisms from extreme marine environments, due to their recognized different biochemistry. Extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) with unique properties produced by a number of micro-algae are known. The first volume is a collection of papers concerning the identification and characterization of novel marine polysaccharides. It is divided into three chapters; the first two are dedicated to polysaccharides from different marine sources (algae, micro-algae, animals), while the third one gathers information on the isolation, characterization and bioactivity of new EPSs.

Polysaccharides --- Agar. --- Drug delivery systems. --- Biotechnology. --- Delivery systems, Drug --- Drug administration technology --- Drug delivery technology --- Drugs --- Pharmaceutical technology --- Agar-agar --- Algae products --- Galactans --- Sulfates --- Delivery systems

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The book largely reflect the structural diversity of echinoderm metabolites including triterpene glycosides and fucosylated chondroitin sulfates, as well as branched fatty acids, di- and triacylglycerols and other lipid classes from the sea cucumbers, polyhydroxysteroids from starfish and different classes of sphingolipids from sea cucumbers and starfish. Finally, the MS-based metabolomic approach, which is very helpful for the estimation of such diversity, is discussed. The materials from the Special Issue also illustrate the biomedical potential of the presented metabolites as cytotoxins and anticoagulants. The in silico approach broadens the possibilities to investigate the mechanisms of the action of membranolytic compounds.

Research & information: general --- Chemistry --- diacylglycerol ether --- 1-O-alkylglyceryl ether --- nutraceutical oils --- bêche-de-mer --- sea cucumber --- Bohadschia argus --- Holothuria (Theelothuria) spinifera --- fucosylated chondroitinsulfates --- fucan sulfates --- anticoagulant activity --- disulfated steroids --- NMR spectra --- starfish --- Pteraster marsippus --- cytotoxic activity --- 3D culture --- Psolus chitonoides --- triterpene glycosides --- chitonoidosides ---   triterpene glycosides --- membranolytic action --- hemolytic --- molecular dynamic simulation --- Thyonidium kurilensis --- kurilosides --- polyhydroxysteroids --- steroid glycosides --- lipids --- mass spectrometry --- metabolomics --- metabolomic profiling --- sphingolipids --- ceramides --- cerebrosides --- gangliosides --- sialic acid --- Asteroidea --- Holothuroidea --- biological activity --- neuritogenic activity ---  

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Catalyst lifetime represents one of the most crucial economic aspects in industrial catalytic processes, due to costly shutdowns, catalyst replacements, and proper disposal of spent materials. Not surprisingly, there is considerable motivation to understand and treat catalyst deactivation, poisoning, and regeneration, which causes this research topic to continue to grow. The complexity of catalyst poisoning obviously increases along with the increasing use of biomass/waste-derived/residual feedstocks and with requirements for cleaner and novel sustainable processes. This book collects 15 research papers providing insights into several scientific and technical aspects of catalyst poisoning and deactivation, proposing more tolerant catalyst formulations, and exploring possible regeneration strategies.

cyclic operation --- n/a --- nickel catalysts --- regeneration --- Cu/SSZ-13 --- syngas --- NH3-SCR --- oxysulfate --- Ni-catalyst --- MW incinerator --- iso-octane --- hydrogenation --- dry reforming of methane --- oxysulfide --- Co-Zn/H-Beta --- Low-temperature catalyst --- Rh catalysts --- deactivation --- vanadia species --- SO2 poisoning --- vehicle emission control --- barium carbonate --- sodium ions --- sulfur deactivation --- tetragonal zirconia --- sulfur poisoning --- Liquefied natural gas --- water --- deactivation by coking --- phase stabilization --- catalyst --- NO removal --- physico-chemical characterization --- octanol --- SEM --- aluminum sulfate --- oxygen storage capacity --- unusual deactivation --- diesel --- nitrous oxide --- exhaust gas --- over-reduction --- poisoning --- catalyst deactivation --- ammonium sulfates --- CO2 reforming --- SO3 --- Rh --- in situ regeneration --- copper --- V2O5–WO3/TiO2 catalysts --- palladium sulfate --- Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) --- biogas --- thermal stability --- phthalic anhydride --- octanal --- natural gas --- sulfur-containing sodium salts --- washing --- coke deposition --- vanadia-titania catalyst --- CPO reactor --- homogeneous catalysis --- NOx reduction by C3H8 --- nitrogen oxides --- effect of flow rate --- DeNOx --- catalytic methane combustion --- deactivation mechanism --- TEM --- catalyst durability --- V2O5-WO3/TiO2 catalysts

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Polymers are the largest and most versatile class of biomaterials, being extensively applied for therapeutic applications. From natural to synthetic polymers, the possibilities to design and modify their physical-chemical properties make these systems of great interest in a wide range of biomedical applications as diverse as drug delivery systems, organ-on-a-chip, diagnostics, tissue engineering, and so on.In recent years, advances in the synthesis and modification of polymers and characterization techniques have allowed the design of novel biomaterials as well as the study of their biological behavior in vitro and in vivo.The purpose of this Special Issue is to highlight recent achievements in the synthesis and modification of polymers for biomedical applications for final applications in the field of biomedicine.

biocomposite --- chitosan --- chlorhexidine --- coating --- hernia --- mesh infection --- nanoparticles --- PLGA --- polypropylene --- rifampicin --- 3D-bioprinting --- static mixer --- reactive hydrogel --- hyaluronic acid --- modified chitosan --- curcumin --- microwave --- interpenetrated polymer network --- semi-IPN --- methacrylated hyaluronic acid --- glycerylphytate --- mesenchymal stem cell --- bioadhesion --- biomaterials --- biomedical application --- healthcare system management --- innovation --- polymer based bioadhesive --- polymers --- magnetite nanoparticles --- Tween 80 --- synthesis --- nanotoxicology --- genotoxicity --- hemotoxicity --- soy protein --- film --- semiconductor --- biomaterial --- additive manufacturing --- sterilization --- medical devices --- bioabsorbable --- polymer --- biopolymer --- hydrogel --- microparticles --- dye release --- drug delivery system --- dual-responsiveness --- dendritic polyglycerol sulfates --- biofabrication --- microfluidics --- electrospinning --- 3D printing --- electrospraying --- natural polymers --- cell encapsulation --- polymeric prodrug --- dual-sensitive --- combination chemotherapy --- drug conjugation --- dextran --- hydrogels --- carboxymethyl cellulose --- succinoglycan --- metal coordination --- drug delivery --- swelling properties --- extracellular matrix --- external stimuli --- tissue maturation --- gelatin --- sodium carboxymethyl cellulose --- scaffold --- A549 cells --- freeze drying --- silicone rubber --- biomechanical --- hyper-elastic --- constitutive model --- FEA --- pH-sensitive hydrogel --- poly(acrylic acid) --- quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) --- ellipsometric measurement --- antibacterial activity --- Ganoderma lucidum --- polysaccharides --- cisplatin --- synergistic effect --- anti-lung cancer --- nanocellulose fiber --- low methoxyl pectin --- sodium alginate --- clindamycin --- pancreatic cancer --- gemcitabine --- controlled release --- non-woven sheet --- chemotherapy --- antitumor efficacy --- poly(L-lactic acid) --- antimicrobials agents --- amphiphilic block copolymer --- quaternized polymer --- hemolysis --- micelle --- black phosphorus --- polyetheretherketone --- lubrication properties --- antibacterial properties --- sensorineural hearing loss --- cochlear implants --- self-bending electrode arrays --- silicone rubber–hydrogel composites --- actuators --- swelling behavior --- curvature --- biocompatibility --- nanofibrous dura mater --- antifibrosis --- neuroprotection --- tetramethylpyrazine