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Marine creatures are rich sources of glycoconjugate-containing glycans and have diversified structures. The advance of genomics has provided a valuable clue for their production and developments. This information will encourage breeding and engineering functional polysaccharides with slime ingredients in algae. These glycans will have the potential for applications to antioxidant, anticancer, and antimicrobial drugs in addition to health supplements and cosmetics. The combination of both biochemical and transcriptome approaches of marine creatures will lead to the opportunity to discover new activities of proteins such as glycan-relating enzymes and lectins. These proteins will also be used for experimental and medical purposes, such as diagnostics and trial studies. The topic of marine glycomics is also focusing on understanding the physiological properties of marine creatures, such as body defense against pathogens and cancers. In the competitions for natural selection, living creatures have evolved both their glycans and their recognition. They have primitive systems of immunity, and few of their mechanisms are closely related to glycans. If we are able to describe the accumulation of data of glycans of creatures living in the seashore and the oceans, we may be able to anticipate a time when we can talk about the ecosystem with glycans. That knowledge will be useful for the development of drugs that cure our diseases and for an understanding of living systems in addition to the preservation of living environments.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Acropora tenuis --- coral --- chemoattraction --- lectin --- white-spotted charr lectin --- oncolytic vaccinia virus --- interferon --- antiviral response --- Chlorella vulgaris --- Dunaliella salina --- Arthrospira platensis --- growth rate --- accumulation of carbohydrates --- biohydrogen --- antibacterial activity --- anticancer activity --- antifungal activity --- Aplysia kurodai --- apoptosis --- Ehrlich ascites carcinoma --- sulfated fucose-rich polysaccharides --- sulfated fucan --- fucosylated chondroitin sulfate --- fucoidan --- oral administration --- anticoagulant activity --- fucosylated glycosaminoglycan --- anticoagulant --- platelet aggregation --- contact activation --- hypotension --- pulmonary embolism --- sulfated polysaccharides --- marine hydrobionts --- antiparasitic activity --- protozoa --- malaria --- leishmaniasis --- trypanosomiasis --- schistosomiasis --- cryptosporidiosis --- trichomoniasis --- bivalve mollusk --- C1q domain-containing --- lectin-like --- pattern recognition receptor --- polysaccharides --- interstitial compartment --- marine worms --- sipunculids --- bioactive properties --- peptides --- rotifera --- pattern recognition receptors --- microbe-associated molecular patterns --- innate immunity --- C-type lectins --- C1q domain-containing proteins --- galectins --- bacterial exopolysaccharides --- bioflocculanting activity --- microalgae growth-promoting bacterium --- harmful algal bloom-forming dinoflagellate --- Alexandrium catenella --- Mameliella alba --- n/a

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Numerous efforts have been devoted to using biomass as a feedstock for the production of bio-based materials, biochemicals, and biofuels that reduce greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on conventional fossil resources. Conversion strategies for the production of platform chemicals, building blocks, fine chemicals, and biofuels include a wide range of processes such as chemical and mechanical pretreatment for improved carbohydrate production, fractionation of biomass into carbohydrates and lignin and their further conversions, microbial and enzymatic conversion of biomass into valuable products, and direct catalytic conversion of biomass or its components into chemicals and fuels. This Special Issue introduces recent innovative research results in the area of bioenergy and value-added chemicals from various feedstocks through chemical and biological catalytic processes.

biomass --- xylan --- lignin --- cellulose --- pretreatment --- solid superacid catalyst --- sulfated tin(IV) oxide --- α-pinene partial coupling --- renewable high-density fuel --- biofuel --- biorefinery --- sugar-decomposed --- enzymatic hydrolysis --- waste biomass --- kinetics --- biomass pre-treatment --- green diesel --- renewable diesel --- Ni catalyst --- hydrodeoxygenation --- Cu-promotion effect --- catalysts --- solvents

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Over 70% of the Earth’s surface is covered by oceans and seas, which are massively complex and consist of diverse assemblages of life forms. Marine bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms develop unique metabolic and physiological capabilities that enable them to survive in extreme habitats and to produce compounds that might not be produced by their terrestrial counterparts. In the last few decades, the systematic investigations of marine/marine-derived microorganisms as sources of novel biologically active agents has exponentially increased. This Special Issue will focus on aspects relating to new bioactive metabolites from marine microorganisms including the isolation, taxonomy, and/or dereplication of microorganisms and the corresponding isolation, structure elucidation, biosynthesis, and/or biological activities of the new compounds. Comprehensive topical review articles relating to marine metabolites will also be considered.

co-culture --- marine microbes --- natural products --- structural diversity --- biological activities --- food allergy --- deep-sea-derived viridicatol --- X-ray single crystal --- intestinal barrier --- mast cell --- calcium influx --- Chlorella --- enzymes --- lipases --- molecular modeling --- sulfated polysaccharides --- antiviral --- SARS-CoV-2 --- docking --- molecular dynamic simulations --- sea cucumber --- bioactivity --- diversity --- microorganism --- polyketides --- alkaloids --- marine-derived fungus --- Penicillium sp. --- indole-diterpenoids --- cytotoxicity --- antibacterial activity --- Leizhou Peninsula --- mangrove soil --- actinomycetia --- antimicrobial activity --- secondary metabolites --- dereplication --- metabolomics tools --- trioxacarcins --- mansouramycins --- isoquinolinequinones --- marine-derived Streptomyces sp. --- n/a

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The marine environment is considered one of the most important sources of natural bioactive compounds with extremely rich biodiversity. Marine glycans are remarkable molecules, playing a determinant role in biological processes. Marine сarbohydrate-containing substances have drawn increasing attention in the field of biomedicine for their various biological activities, such as antitumor, antivirus, hypoglycemic, immunomodulatory, and anticoagulant. These compounds obtained from marine sources, such as algae, microbes, and animals, are usually biodegradable and biocompatible, and exhibit biological properties that contribute to the discovery of a wide range of new bioactive substances with special pharmacological properties of interest to medicine. Carbohydrate-based compounds include glycans, glycoproteins, proteoglycans, glycolipids, and low-molecular and complex glycosides of differential origin. Many of the polysaccharides allow for loading lower drug dosages, which may lead to a drastic reduction of the side effects caused by the drugs. In addition, the structure of polysaccharides can be relatively easily modified in order to synthesize derivatives with desirable characteristics for drug delivery. Complexes on the basis of carbohydrates are often prepared to improve their functional properties. In this Special Issue, we seek to contribute to the discussion of various aspects of marine carbohydrate-containing compounds and provide a unique platform for a new concept for their use in medicine in order to continue to facilitate further research in this area.

chitosan-gentamicin conjugate --- antimicrobial --- anti-inflammatory --- scald repair --- sulfated polysaccharides --- galactans --- green seaweed --- NMR --- immunostimulation --- inflammatory mediators --- carrageenan --- lipopolysaccharide --- macromolecular structure --- nonspecific resistance to lipopolysaccharide --- cytokines --- enteric infections --- salmonellosis --- glyceroglycolipid metabolism --- phosphate starvation --- transcriptome --- glyceroglycolipid homeostasis --- chitosan --- polyelectrolyte complex --- cytokine --- nitric oxide --- anti-inflammatory activity --- Ulva pertusa --- polysaccharides --- colitis --- antioxidant --- exopolysaccharide --- structure --- Vibrio alginolyticus --- Epidermist --- chitosan oligosaccharides --- inflammation cytokines --- intestine --- oxidative status --- oxidative stress --- Porphyridium marinum --- high pressure homogenizer --- antibacterial activity --- anti-biofilm activity --- anti-cancer activity --- alginate lyase --- cold-adapted --- exo/endo-type --- Alteromonas portus --- oligosaccharide --- antioxidant activity --- exopolysaccharides --- scandium --- theranostic --- cancer cell lines --- proliferation --- laminarin --- fucoidan --- gastrointestinal tract --- microbiome --- swine --- post-weaning --- antibiotic alternatives --- n/a

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Marine herbal medicine generally refers to the use of marine plants as original materials to develop crude drugs, or for other medical purposes. The term ‘marine plants’ usually denotes macroalgae grown between intertidal and subintertidal zones, including Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta, and Rhodophyta. Considerable progress has been made in the field of biomedical research into marine microalgae and microorganisms in the past decade. As the most important source of fundamental products in the world, marine plants have a very important role in biomedical research. Furthermore, worldwide studies have consistently demonstrated that many crude drugs derived from marine plants contain novel ingredients that may benefit health or can be used in the treatment of diseases; some have been developed into health foods, and some even into drugs. It is expected that there are many substances of marine plant origin that will have medical applications in terms of improving human health and are awaiting discovery.In this Special Issue, entitled “Development and Application of Herbal Medicine of Marine Origin”, we will provide a platform for researchers to publish biomedical studies on substances of marine plant origin. We welcome submissions from scientists and academics from across the world.

marine functional foods --- vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 --- ultrafiltration --- lung fibrosis --- metabolic instability --- peptide fractions --- cembrane --- 3T3 fibroblasts --- Pinnigorgia sp. --- lymphatic endothelial cells --- bile salts --- caspase-3 --- cytokine --- hepatic stellate cells --- macrophage --- oral squamous cell carcinoma --- anti-inflammation --- MAPK --- fucoidan --- Jaspine B --- ACE-inhibition --- bioactivity --- sulfated galactan --- bioavailability --- ROS --- anti-angiogenesis --- briarellin --- neolignan --- radiation pneumonitis --- Pachyclavularia --- Lumnitzera racemosa --- apoptosis --- phomaketide A --- prodigiosin --- neutrophil --- intestinal permeability --- autophage --- secosterol --- octocoral --- amino acids composition --- phlorotannins --- cardiovascular-health --- antioxidant properties --- marine viva --- green seaweed --- protein enzymatic hydrolysate --- lymphangiogenesis --- edible brown algae --- briarane --- Herbs --- Marine pharmacology. --- Marine algae --- Therapeutic use. --- Sea vegetables --- Seaweed --- Seaweeds --- Vegetables, Sea --- Algae --- Marine plants --- Drugs from the sea --- Marine pharmacognosy --- Materia medica, Marine --- Marine biology --- Materia medica --- Pharmacognosy --- Herb remedies --- Herbal medicine --- Medicinal herbs