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Over the last decades, natural fibers have received growing attention as alternatives to synthetic materials for the reinforcement of polymeric composites. Their specific properties, low price, health advantages, renewability and recyclability make natural fibers particularly attractive for these purposes. Furthermore, natural fibers have a CO2-neutral life cycle, in contrast to their synthetic counterparts. However, natural fibers are also widely known to possess several drawbacks, such as a hydrophilic nature, low and variable mechanical properties, poor adhesion to polymeric matrices, high susceptibility to moisture absorption and low aging resistance. Therefore, extensive research has been conducted on natural fiber-reinforced composites in the last 20 years. In this context, this book presents several interesting papers concerning the use of natural fibers for the reinforcement of polymer-based composites, with a focus on the evaluation of their mechanical performances, ballistic properties, rheological behavior, thermal insulation response and aging resistance in humid or aggressive environments.

flax FRP --- basalt FRP --- glass FRP --- wood beam --- bending --- hybrid FRP --- flax fiber --- nano-clay --- water uptake --- hygrothermal properties --- coaxial electrospinning --- length of straight fluid jet --- spreading angle --- nanoribbons --- linear relationship --- curaua fibers --- graphene oxide coating --- epoxy composites --- ballistic performance --- recycled cotton fibers --- stiffness --- micromechanics --- Young’s modulus --- polymer matrix composites --- flax fibers --- surface treatments --- adhesion --- polymer-matrix composites (PMCs) --- composite laminates --- low-velocity impact --- delamination --- X-ray micro CT --- polypropylene --- basalt fibers --- composite laminate --- flexural --- impact damage --- dog wool fibers --- fillers --- polyurethane --- eco-composites --- renewable resources --- poly(lactic acid) --- poly(butylene succinate) --- plasticizer migration --- diffusion --- natural fibre composites --- mechanical properties --- elastic behaviour --- viscous response --- empty fruit bunch fiber (EFB) --- polybutylene succinate (PBS) --- starch --- glycerol --- characterizations --- biocomposite --- polymer Blends --- Mopa-Mopa resin --- biobased composite --- fique fibers --- wood–plastic --- leather waste --- thermoplastic starch --- mechanical characterization --- thermal characterization --- n/a --- Young's modulus --- wood-plastic

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Beauty masks, diapers, wound dressings, wipes, protective clothes and biomedical products: all these high-value and/or large-volume products must be highly compatible with human skin and they should have specific functional properties, such as anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. They are currently partially or totally produced using fossil-based sources, with evident issues linked to their end of life, as their waste generates an increasing environmental concern. On the contrary, biopolymers and active biomolecules from biobased sources could be used to produce new materials that are highly compatible with the skin and also biodegradable. The final products can be obtained by exploiting safe and smart nanotechnologies such as the extrusion of bionanocomposites and electrospinning/electrospray, as well as innovative surface modification and control methodologies. For all these reasons, recently, many researchers, such as those involved in the European POLYBIOSKIN project activities, have been working in the field of biomaterials with anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties, as well as biobased materials which are renewable and biodegradable. The present book gathered research and review papers dedicated to materials and technologies for high-performance products where the attention paid to health and environmental impact is efficiently integrated, considering both the skin-compatibility of the selected materials and their source/end of life.

pullulan --- biopolymers --- exopolysaccharides --- biodegradation --- biocompatibility --- poly(lactic acid) --- poly(butylene succinate) --- chitin nanofibrils --- starch --- skin compatibility --- anti-microbial --- poly(hydroxyalkanoate) --- biopolyesters --- beauty masks --- releasing --- skin compatible --- polyhydroxyalkanotes --- sugarcane molasses --- antibacterial materials --- essential oils --- coating --- poly(lactide) --- chitin–lignin nanocomplex --- grafting from --- lactide oligomers --- platelet-rich fibrin --- wound healing --- skin wounds --- wound dressing --- hyperspectral imaging --- principal component analysis --- spectroscopy --- chitosan --- partial least squares regression --- nir --- actives substances --- cn-nl/ga --- skin --- antifouling --- antimicrobial --- antiviral --- electrospinning --- breast implant --- ear prosthesis --- biomedical device --- chronic wound --- biopolymer --- bio-based --- surface modification --- nanolignin --- electrospray --- anti-inflammatory --- blends --- PLA --- PHBV --- nanocomposite --- tissue engineering --- biodegradable --- nanofiber --- n/a --- chitin-lignin nanocomplex

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Food packaging and shelf life have been the subject of remarkable research in recent years. They are so important because only by understanding a good storage system is it possible to avoid any food waste. Moreover, the best packaging has to prolong the food quality while also reducing the packaging volume or better, become itself biodegradable, and guarantee the nutritional characteristics of food products.In particular, the increasing interest in reducing packaging wastes is becoming a rising problem, just considering that food packaging alone contributes to a huge portion of total packaging wastes in the world. On the other side, consumers judge the food quality based on appearance and freshness, but also using their awareness of the environmental implications of packaging. Nowadays, many technologies can be applied to improve food quality and shelf life, such the application of edible films or coatings, from biodegradable materials or biopolymers, trying to reduce the package barrier requirements, incorporating natural bioactive compounds and lengthening shelf life making then packaging easily compostable.

asparagus --- enzyme activity --- lignin --- fiber --- weight loss --- color --- polypropylene film --- essential oil emitter --- globe artichoke genotype --- quality parameters --- microbial growth --- antioxidants’ retention --- biodegradable --- active --- natural --- essential oil --- shelf life --- antimicrobial --- sensory --- poultry --- PET --- sepiolite --- nanocomposites --- MAP --- microbiological quality --- chicken --- food packaging --- drip loss --- liquid absorbent pad --- chicken breast fillet --- texture --- sensory evaluation --- fresh-cut fruit --- pomegranate peel powder --- natural preservative --- by-product --- sustainable approach --- Lepidium sativum --- potato --- browning index --- oil uptake --- antioxidant activity --- Malvasia --- sweet wine --- shelf-life --- accelerated shelf-life test --- 5-hydroxymethylfurfural --- 2-furaldehyde --- antimicrobial activity --- fish storability --- prickly pear cactus --- by-products --- zero-waste --- biomaster-silver --- SANAFOR® --- tapioca starch --- polybutylene succinate

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This book, as a collection of 17 research articles, provides a selection of the most recent advances in the synthesis, characterization, and applications of environmentally friendly and biodegradable biopolymer composites and nanocomposites. Recently, the demand has been growing for a clean and pollution-free environment and an evident target regarding the minimization of fossil fuel usage. Therefore, much attention has been focused on research to replace petroleum-based commodity plastics by biodegradable materials arising from biological and renewable resources. Biopolymers—polymers produced from natural sources either chemically from a biological material or biosynthesized by living organisms—are suitable alternatives for addressing these issues due to their outstanding properties, including good barrier performance, biodegradation ability, and low weight. However, they generally possess poor mechanical properties, a short fatigue life, low chemical resistance, poor long-term durability, and limited processing capability. In order to overcome these deficiencies, biopolymers can be reinforced with fillers or nanofillers (with at least one of their dimensions in the nanometer range). Bionanocomposites are advantageous for a wide range of applications, such as in medicine, pharmaceutics, cosmetics, food packaging, agriculture, forestry, electronics, transport, construction, and many more.

biodegradable films --- chitosan --- natural rubber --- n/a --- toughening --- elastomer --- deoxycholic acid --- cellulose fibers --- amphiphilic polymer --- cross-link density --- antioxidant activity --- nanocomposites --- silk fibroin --- impact properties --- conductivity --- antimicrobial agents --- Py-GC/MS --- Poly(propylene carbonate) --- biodisintegration --- peptide-cellulose conformation --- nanocomposite --- alginate films --- toughness --- protease sensor --- physical and mechanical properties --- biocomposites --- nanocellulose --- thermal decomposition kinetics --- potato protein --- micelles --- nanofibers --- mechanical properties --- active packaging materials --- cellulose --- structural profile --- glycol chitosan --- glass transition --- essential oils --- compatibility --- plasticized starch --- natural fibers --- biopolyester --- human neutrophil elastase --- biodegradation --- bio-composites --- fiber/matrix adhesion --- ?-tocopherol succinate --- MgO whiskers --- carbon nanotubes --- PLLA --- electrospinning --- chitin nanofibrils --- FTIR --- biopolymers composites --- DMA --- wheat gluten --- water uptake --- folic acid --- polycarbonate --- aerogel --- surfactant --- paclitaxel --- chemical pre-treatment --- biomass --- thermoplastic polyurethane --- poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-3-hydroxyvalerate) --- stress-strain --- polyfunctional monomers --- bio-based polymers --- tensile properties --- compatibilizer --- TG/FTIR --- PVA --- in vitro degradation --- poly(lactic acid) --- heat deflection temperature

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This Book serves to highlight the mechanisms related to the low intestinal drug absorption, the strategies to overcome the obstacles or intestinal drug absorption, and in situ, in vitro, and in silico methodologies to predict to intestinal drug absorption. This Book presents a series of drug absorption studies and related technologies that predict intestinal permeation of drugs that govern the pharmacokinetic features of therapeutic drugs. It also contains the mechanistic understanding regarding the first-pass metabolism and intestinal efflux that modulate the pharmacokinetics of drug and suggest the formulation strategies to enhance the bioavailability of investigated drugs.

rebamipide --- nanocrystals --- oral mucositis --- hydrogel --- endocytosis --- enoxaparin --- lipid–polymer hybrid nanoparticles --- oral --- intestinal absorption --- naftidrofuryl oxalate --- solubility --- permeability --- dissolution profiles --- pharmaceutical availability --- BCS drug classification --- non-sink condition --- solubility–permeability interplay --- unstirred water layer --- poorly soluble drugs --- solubilizer additive --- phenylketonuria --- l-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase --- enzyme --- kinetics --- catabolism disorder --- biomedical drug --- P-glycoprotein --- breast cancer resistance protein --- LY335979 --- WK-X-34 --- in vivo–in vitro correlation --- lipolysis-permeation --- lipid-based drug delivery system --- PermeaPad --- cinnarizine --- lipolysis --- amorphous solid dispersion --- candesartan Cilexetil --- PVPK30 --- pH-modulation --- spray drying --- bioavailability --- nasal administration --- spray-drying --- chitosan --- microsphere --- meloxicam --- silymarin --- D-α-Tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) --- liver distribution --- acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity --- extra virgin olive oil --- secoiridoids --- metabolism --- phenolic compounds --- intestinal permeability --- drug-phytochemical interaction --- hepatic metabolism --- mixed inhibition --- quercetin --- repaglinide