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The South African Taxonomic soil classification system (SAT) is well established and utilised in South Africa. However, it is not internationally well known and therefore the need arose to provide a tool by which South African soil taxonomists can convert South African soil classifications and profile descriptions to the international classifications of the World Reference Base (WRB) for soil resources. The diagnostics and tacit knowledge presented in this publication are therefore based on the SAT and the WRB. When necessary, further substantiation was derived from the Land Type Survey of South Africa. The adopted procedure is effective in providing a reasonable classification based on the South African soil forms and families, while excluding certain WRB soil groups and qualifiers, because these are irrelevant to South African taxonomy. Lastly, this publication also highlights some peculiarities, omissions and inconsistencies observed between the SAT and WRB.

Soil science, sedimentology --- World Reference Base (WRB) --- USDA Soil Taxonomy --- soil classification systems --- diagnostic horizons --- dystrophic --- mesotrophic --- eutrophic --- organic O horizon --- base saturation --- South African soil taxonomy

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Critical congenital heart defects (CCHDs) are potentially life-threatening malformations that remain a significant cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. Failure to diagnose these conditions shortly after birth may result in acute cardiovascular collapse and death. The identification of CCHDs by routine newborn clinical examination is routine in many countries, but consistently misses over a third of cases, and, although antenatal ultrasound screening can be very effective in early diagnosis, the provision and accuracy of ultrasound screening is highly variable. As most CCHDs present with mild cyanosis (hypoxaemia), which is frequently clinically undetectable, pulse oximetry is a rapid, simple, painless method of accurately identifying hypoxaemia, which has gained popularity as a screen for CCHD. This Special Issue of the International Journal of Neonatal Screening, devoted to ""Neonatal Screening for Critical Congenital Heart Defects (CCHDs)"", will consider the evidence for CCHD screening with pulse oximetry, the acceptability and cost-effectiveness of this intervention, the additional non-cardiac conditions which it may also identify, and international experiences of introducing CCHD screening across the globe.

n/a --- altitude --- CCHD screening in the US --- screening --- coarctation of aorta --- oxygen saturation --- neonates --- critical congenital heart disease screening --- newborn screening pulse oximetry --- home births --- health policy --- congenital heart disease --- neonatal screening --- pulse oximetry --- cost-effectiveness --- hypoxia --- neonate --- newborn --- critical congenital heart disease --- state screening --- pulse oximetry screening --- economic evaluation --- screening algorithm --- newborn screening --- Germany --- congenital heart defects

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"This book contains a collection of modern anti-windup algorithms. It is aimed at practicing control engineers as well as graduate students. The reader will learn the objectives and terminology of the anti-windup problem, will be exposed to the mathematics behind anti-windup synthesis, and will gain exposure to a variety of anti-windup algorithms, which are illustrated through examples"--

Automatic control --- Linear control systems. --- Actuators. --- Mathematical models. --- Euler-Lagrange system. --- F8 aircraft. --- MIMO. --- SISO. --- algebraic loop. --- anti-windup algorithm. --- anti-windup augmentation. --- anti-windup compensator. --- anti-windup construction. --- anti-windup design. --- anti-windup filter. --- anti-windup synthesis. --- anti-windup. --- bumpless authority transfer. --- closed loop. --- compensation. --- constrained closed loop. --- controller. --- damped mass-spring. --- dead-time plant. --- direct control design. --- direct linear anti-windup. --- dynamic direct linear anti-windup. --- exponentially stable plant. --- exponentially unstable plant. --- external stability. --- feedback algorithm. --- feedback loop. --- feedback signal. --- global performance. --- global stability. --- hardware redundancy. --- input saturation. --- input. --- inputЯutput stability. --- internal stability. --- internal state. --- linear controller. --- linear injection. --- linear matrix inequalities. --- linear model recovery anti-windup. --- linear system. --- measurement governor. --- model predictive control. --- model recovery anti-windup. --- multicontroller scheme. --- nested saturation. --- non-exponentially unstable plant. --- nonlinear gain. --- nonlinear injection. --- nonlinear plant. --- nonlinear synthesis technique. --- nonlinear system. --- numerical algorithm. --- quadratic function. --- rank-deficient matrices. --- reduced-order compensator. --- reference governor. --- regional stability. --- reliable control. --- saturated closed loop. --- saturated closed-loop system. --- saturation nonlinearity. --- saturation. --- scheduling. --- servo-positioning system. --- small signal preservation. --- stability. --- stabilizer. --- state-space approach. --- stateгpace representation. --- static linear anti-windup. --- switching. --- unconstrained closed loop. --- unconstrained closed-loop system. --- unconstrained controller. --- unconstrained feedback system. --- unconstrained plant. --- unconstrained response recovery. --- unconstrained response. --- windup.

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This book is a reprint of a special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701), titled High Entropy Materials: Challenges and Prospects. It is a compilation of nine articles from different aspects of high-entropy materials. The book primarily focuses on high-entropy alloys, the first emergent high-entropy materials, but also covers high-entropy ceramics and high-entropy composites, which are the extensions of high-entropy alloys. The articles on high-entropy alloys cover some important facets in the field such as phase structures, mechanical properties, laser beam welding, design of soft magnetic alloys, and potential as biomaterials. In addition, there are one article introducing the potential of using high-entropy carbides as hard metals for machining, and one another on high-entropy composite studying the microstructures and tribological properties of the FeCoNiCuAl-TiC composite. The goal of this reprinted book is essentially two-fold. In the first place, it offers a platform for researchers in the broad field of high-entropy materials to communicate their views and recent research on the subject. Next, it reports challenges in the sub-fields of high-entropy materials and inspires researchers to continue to practice diligence to resolve these challenges and advance high-entropy materials solidly. We hope that readers in the field feel encouraged, inspired, and challenged by the book, and readers outside the field can grasp some basic ideals of high-entropy materials and their potential to the society as a family of novel materials.

high-entropy alloys --- intermetallic --- alloy design --- phase stability --- high-entropy alloy --- soft magnetic properties --- mechanical properties --- saturation magnetostriction coefficient --- face-centered cubic (FCC) structure --- high entropy alloys --- laser beam welding --- microstructure --- TiC --- tribological properties --- wear mechanism --- refractory metals --- bulk metallic glass (BMG) --- fatigue behavior --- industrial-grade zirconium raw material --- carbide --- high-entropy carbides --- binders --- high-entropy hardmetals --- biomedical materials --- n/a

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Dear colleagues, Geological energy has a long history in China. As early as 500 BC, China began to use coal as fuel. In the middle of the 19th century, China began to develop oil resources. After the foundation of new China, with the discovery of the Daqing oilfield, China's oil industry entered an era of great development. During the 21st century, with the development of drilling technology, the development of unconventional energy such as shale gas and shale oil has entered a new era. In recent years, the development of flammable ice has set off a wave of clean energy. With the carbon reduction plan proposed by the Chinese government, clean geo-energy has been granted unparalleled development space in the future. China's geo-energy development technology used to lag behind that of major developed countries for a long time, but after years of development, it has become the world's leading edge in some fields. Therefore, we specially set up this collection to collect China's advanced geo-energy exploitation technology and development trends, whilst providing some new directions for thinking about geo-energy development in China and even the world. This collection seeks to contribute to such topics through enhanced scientific and multidisciplinary knowledge.

airflow reversal --- gas outburst --- mine ventilation system --- orthogonal experiment --- numerical simulation --- deep chamber --- asymmetric failure --- mechanical analysis --- control measures --- Yinggehai --- overpressure --- hydraulic fracture --- mudstone --- fluid pressure --- red sandstone --- pre-existing cracks --- creep behavior --- temperature --- long-term permeability --- partial saturation --- patchy saturation --- squirt flow --- P-wave velocity dispersion and attenuation --- anelasticity --- ultrasonic measurements --- heavy oil reservoirs --- cyclic steam stimulation --- conformance control --- extreme gradient boost (XGBoost) trees --- prediction model --- Dongsha Waters in the northern South China Sea margin --- velocity inversion --- mud volcano --- magma intrusion --- Mesozoic hydrocarbon --- tubing --- modal analysis --- fluid-structure interaction --- inlet pressure --- pipeline --- water hammer --- gas-liquid two-phase flow --- pressure --- velocity --- lattice Boltzmann method --- discrete element method --- sand production --- force chain network analysis --- seismic sedimentology --- sedimentary facies evolution --- peat accumulation regularity --- frequency–division amplitude fusion --- thin sand bodies --- stable crack propagation --- crack strain --- stress–strain curve --- model --- wing crack --- outburst coal --- primary coal --- structural parameters --- infrared spectrum --- XRD --- oil shale --- in situ conversion project --- biomarker --- pyrolysis process --- organic geochemistry